小儿高热惊厥的影响因素及有效护理措施

Influencing factors and effective nursing measures of febrile convulsion in children

目的探讨小儿高热惊厥的影响因素,总结有效护理措施。方法选择2016年12月至2017年12月期间山东省立第三医院儿科收治的80例高热惊厥患儿纳入惊厥组,选择80例同期发热未发生惊厥患儿纳入对照组,比较两组患儿的年龄、性别等临床资料的差异,对小儿高热惊厥的影响因素进行单因素分析,同时记录积极治疗及有效护理措施的效果。结果惊厥组患儿的年龄、血红蛋白、血钠、血钙分别为(2.4±1.3)个月、(99.7±15.2)g/L、(137.3±12.4)mmol/L、(1.93±0.58)mmol/L,均明显低于对照组的(3.5±1.4)个月、(114.2±19.6)g/L、(143.8±18.5)mmol/L、(2.28±0.65)mmol/L,最高体温、男性比例、家族史比例分别为(39.6±1.8)℃、73.75%、21.25%,明显高于对照组的(38.7±2.5)℃、56.25%、6.25%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经积极治疗及全面评估危险因素、降温处理及健康宣教、心理护理等护理干预,患儿均痊愈出院。结论年龄低、贫血、低钠、低钙、男性、体温高及有家族史与高热惊厥的发生关系密切,早期采取有效的护理措施可以促进患儿的康复。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of febrile convulsion in children, and summarize effective nursing measures. Methods Eighty children with febrile convulsion admitted in Department of Paediatrics,Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were included into the convulsion group,and 80 patients having fever without convulsion during the same period were included into the control group. The clinical data, including age and sex, were compared between the two groups. Single factor analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of febrile convulsion in children, and the effect of active treatment and effective nursing measures were recorded. Results Age, hemoglobin, blood sodium, and blood calcium were（2.4±1.3） months,（99.7±15.2） g/L,（137.3±12.4） mmol/L,（1.93±0.58） mmol/L in convulsion group, significantly lower than（3.5±1.4） months,（114.2±19.6） g/L,（143.8±18.5） mmol/L,（2.28±0.65） mmol/L in the control group（P0.05）. The maximum body temperature,the proportion of men, and the proportion of family history were（39.6 ± 1.8）℃, 73.75%, 21.25%, significantly higher than（38.7±2.5）℃, 56.25%, 6.25% in the control group（P0.05）. After active treatment and comprehensive assessment of risk factors, cooling treatment and health education, psychological nursing and other nursing interventions, all the children recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Younger age, anemia, low sodium, low calcium and hypercalcic convulsion, men, high temperature, and family history are closely related to the occurrence of hyperthermal convulsion. Early effective nursing measures can promote the recovery of children.