应用NASA—TLX量表与心率变异性指标评价女飞行学员脑力负荷的研究

Evaluating female pilot cadets＇ mental workload by National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index and heart rate variability index

目的研究基于空间定向障碍模拟器的空间定向能力与心理测试得分、飞行技能、专家测试及总成绩的相关性，从而为今后的高性能战斗机飞行员空间定向能力测试提供科学的理论依据。方法采用自身配对设计。在空间定向障碍模拟器上对23名高性能战斗机飞行员进行基于复杂气象和高负荷任务下的空间定向能力测试，将空间定向能力测试成绩与心理测试、飞行技能测试、专家测试等指标成绩进行两两Pearson积差相关性分析，对总成绩排名、空间定向能力排名、专家测试排名、飞行技能排名、心理测试得分排名等进行Spearman秩相关性分析。结果①在Pearson积差相关性上，空间定向能力成绩与心理测试得分相关性最高（r＝0.79, P〈0.01），其次与专家测试成绩相关（r＝0.47, P〈0.05），与飞行技能测试成绩不相关（r＝0.09, P〉0.05）；专家测试成绩与飞行技能成绩相关性较高（r＝0.69, P〈0.01），与心理测试得分的相关性无统计学意义（r＝0.34, P〉0.05）；飞行技能测试成绩与心理测试得分无明显相关性（r＝0.16, P〉0.05）。②在Spearman秩相关性上，总成绩与心理成绩相关性最高（r＝0.88, P〈0.01），且与空间定向能力、专家测试成绩、飞行技能成绩均显著相关（r＝0.60、0.72、0.63, P〈0.05）。结论空间定向能力与心理测试得分存在较为密切的关系，是较为重要的一项高性能战斗机飞行员心理品质指标。

Objective To compare the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index （NASA-TLX） scores and the heart rate variability （HRV） of the female pilot cadets under different task conditions and to preliminarily investigate the characteristics of flight mental workload in females . Methods Two factors repeated measurement design was applied in this study .Twenty female pilot cadets of a flight college were chosen as subjects .Their ECG data was collected under the baseline status that they were in theoretical education and the states of preflight , taking off , approaching and landing in simulated and real flying tasks by KF1 physiological parameter recorder . The NASA-TLX scores were used to evaluate the subjective mental workload of the female cadets under baseline status and in all flying stages .The collected data are analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA and the trends of changes in different flight stages were analyzed by Spearman＇s non-parameter correlation test . Results Eighteen subjects＇NASA-TLX scores and 10 subjects＇HR and HRV data were valid .① In analysis of the main effects of task type factors ,18 female pilot cadets＇NASA-TLX scores showed significant variance between different tasks （F= 8 .294 , P〈0 .01） .The grand average scores both in simulated flight task （49 .47 ± 22 .69） and in real flight task （49 .68 ± 16.85）weresignificantlyhigherthanthatofbaselinestatus [（30.85±13.97）;t=3.506,3.547,P〈0 .05] .The heart rates of 10 female pilot cadets showed statistical significance between different tasks （F=14 .615 , P〈0 .01） .The average heart rate in simulated flight task [（84 .70 ± 6 .89）beats/min] and in real flight task [（87 .73 ± 8 .79）beats/min] was also significantly higher than that of baseline status [（73 .70 ± 6 .15）beats/min ;t=4 .029 ,5 .137 ,P〈0 .05] .②At the stage of landing ,NASA-TLX scores of 18 female flight cadets in real flight task （61 .70 ± 13 .15） and in simulated task （60 .54 ± 21.05）weresignificantlyhigherthanthatofbaselinestatus [（30.85±13.97）;t=3.506,3.547,P〈0 .05] .The HRV indexes of 10 female cadets ,including normalized unit low frequency （LFnu） , normalized unit high frequency （HFnu） ,ratio of low and high frequency bands （LF/HF） ,varied significantly in different types of task at the landing stage （F=9 .015～12 .275 , P〈0 .01） .The LFnu in simulated flight [（90 .88 ± 4 .44）% ] and real flight tasks [（77 .22 ± 12 .04）% ] was higher than that of baseline status [（63 .75 ± 16 .87）% ;] （t=4 .957 ,2 .462 ,P〈0 .05） ,and the HFnu of the two flight tasks [（9 .11 ± 4 .52）% ,（22 .78 ± 12 .04）% ] was lower than that of baseline status [（36 .25 ± 16 .87）% ;t=4 .955 ,2 .460 ,P〈0 .05] .The LF/HF in this flight stage showed significant difference between simulated task （13 .51 ± 9 .51） and baseline status [（2 .40 ± 1 .66） ; t= 4 .088 , P〈 0 .05] .③Both in the simulated and real flight tasks ,the NASA-TLX scores of 18 female flight cadets showed rising trend with the flight stage progress （ρ=0 .328 ,0 .537 ,P〈0 .01） .The rising trends were also found on the LFnu and LF/HF of 10 female flight cadets （ρ= 0 .450～0 .631 , P〈 0 .01） while the descending trends with flight stage progress were found on HFnu in both tasks （ρ= - 0 .631 ,-0 .450 ,P〈0 .01） . Conclusions The mental workload of female pilot cadets significantly increases in flight tasks as comparing to the baseline status and is significantly higher in landing stage than before flight .The simulated flight task can provide female pilot cadets basically the same mental workload as the real flight task .It is meaningful to pilot＇s training and related researches .