空军飞行学员心理应激状况调查

Survey on the psychological stress status of Air Force flying cadets

目的比较女飞行学员在不同任务状态、不同飞行阶段中NASA任务负荷指数（National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index, NASA-TLX）量表评分、心率和心率变异性多个指标的差异，初步探讨女性在飞行活动中的脑力负荷变化特点。方法采用两因素重复测量实验设计，选取某飞行学校女飞行学员20人，在她们接受理论培训时用KFI生理参数记录仪采集数据作为比较基线，并采集其在模拟飞行和实际飞行任务前起飞、近进和着陆时的ECG数据，对所得数据进行重复测量方差分析，并对各阶段间变化趋势进行Spearman非参数等级相关性检验。结果18名受试者的NASA-TLX得分和10名受试者的心率和心率变异性数据为有效数据。①任务类型因素主效应的对比中，18名女飞行学员NASA-TLX量表得分在不同任务间差异有统计学意义（F＝8.294, P〈0.01），模拟飞行任务（49.47±22.69）及实际飞行任务时的得分（49.68±16.85）均高于基线状态（30.85±13.97），差异有统计学意义（t＝3.506、3.547, P〈0.05）。10名女飞行学员心率在不同任务间差异有统计学意义（F＝14.615, P〈0.01），模拟飞行任务及实际飞行任务时的平均心率[（84.70±6.89）、（87.73±8.79）次/min]高于基线状态[（73.70±6.15）次/min]，差异均有统计学意义（t＝4.029、5.137, P〈0.05）。②在着陆阶段，18名女飞行学员模拟飞行任务与实际飞行任务中的NASA-TLX量表得分（60.54±21.05、61.70±13.15）均高于基线状态（30.85±13.97），差异有统计学意义（t＝3.506、3.547, P〈0.05）。着陆阶段10名女飞行学员的心率变异性指标中的标准化低频成分（normalized unit low frequency, LFnu）、标准化高频成分（normalized unit high frequency, HFnu）、低频（low frequency, LF）/高频（high frequency, HF）比值（LF/HF）在不同类型任务间差异均有统计学意义（F＝9.015～12.275, P〈0.01）；模拟飞行及实际飞行时LFnu[（90.88±4.44）%、（77.22±12.04）%]均高于基线状态[（63.75±16.87）%, t＝4.957、2.462, P〈0.05]，HFnu[（9.11±4.52）%、（22.78±12.04）%]低于基线状态[（36.25±16.87）%]，差异有统计学意义（t＝4.955、2.460, P〈0.05）；模拟飞行时LF/HF（13.51±9.51）高于基线状态（2.40±1.66），差异有统计学意义（t＝4.088, P〈0.05）。③在模拟飞行和实际飞行任务中，18名女飞行学员NASA-TLX量表得分随飞行阶段的变化呈上升趋势（ρ＝0.328、0.537, P〈0.01）；10名女飞行学员的心率变异性指标LFnu、LF/HF随飞行阶段变化有上升趋势（ρ＝0.450～0.631, P〈0.01），HFnu随飞行阶段变化有下降趋势（ρ＝－0.631、－0.450, P〈0.01）。结论女飞行学员在飞行任务中的脑力负荷状态较基线状态显著升高，且在飞行的着陆阶段较飞行前显著升高；女飞行学员在模拟飞行训练任务和实际飞行训练任务中的脑力负荷状态基本一致。

Objective To investigate the psychological stress status of Air Force flying cadets and the psychological differences among the grades ,thus to specifically provide the theory basis of psychological health care and psychological training to the flying cadets . Methods A cross sectional study was carried out in this study .The psychological stress self-evaluation test （PSET ） which includes 10 items was applied to measure the psychological stress state of 1 150 Air Force flying cadets .The subjects were divided into four groups by grade （freshman ,sophomore ,junior ,seuior） . The scores of 10 items ,occurrence frequencies and PSET standard score （T score） were analyzed by SPSS 17 .0 software to compare the psychological stress level of flying cadets in different grades . Results We acquired 1 088 valid questionnaires , including 256 freshmen , 298 sophomores , 249 juniors and 285 seniors .The valid rate of the test was 94 .61% .The primary score of psychological stress of Air Force flying cadet was 14 .38 ± 3 .71 ,and no statistical differences for the PSET T score were found among the grades （freshman ：50 .21 ± 10 .30 ,sophomore ：50 .36 ± 10 .26 ,junior ：49 .96 ± 9 .84 , senior ：50 .12 ± 10 .14） （P〉 0 .05） .Forty-five （4 .14% ） flying cadets showed obvious psychological stress status evidenced by the T score ≥70 .The number of the subjects （21 .14% ） selecting ＂often＂for the item ＂be alert to danger＂was more than the ones selecting ＂often＂for the other items .Only 3 .95% subjects selected ＂often＂ for the item ＂Disincline to contact＂ which was less than the ones selecting ＂often＂for the other items （P〈0 .05） .The score of same item showed significant difference among the grades （F=14 .424-36 .465 ,P〈0 .05） .The juniors had the lowest scores for all items as compared with other grades （P 〈 0 .05） .The incidence of positive symptom for same item had significant difference among the grades （χ2= 11 .149-78 .127 , P〈0 .05） .The juniors had the lowest incidences of positive symptom for all items （P〈0 .05） . Conclusions The psychological stress status in Air Force flying cadets show differences among the different grades .We should focus on the psychological state of the Air Force flying cadets according to the actual situation timely .