歼击机飞行员颈痛相关危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of the neck pain in fighter pilots

目的探索歼击机飞行员颈痛的危险因素。方法以整群随机抽样方法，采用横断面调查问卷形式对歼击机飞行员进行调查。问卷包括日常颈痛情况及一般情况、生活方式、飞行训练方式等3类暴露因素。以日常颈痛为颈痛组，无日常颈痛为对照组，比较两组的年龄、体质指数（body mass index, BMI）、生活方式、训练方式等因素是否存在差异；采用Logistic回归模型进行危险因素的筛选。结果得到有效样本为429例，日常颈痛发生率为30.1%。两组飞行员在年龄〉35岁、存在睡眠不良、烦恼处理方式不当、习惯久坐、每日看消费类电子设备显示屏幕超过4 h、经常连续看屏幕2 h以上、床垫较硬、长期飞行、飞行中振动、缺乏抗载荷措施及飞行后没有按摩放松等方面的比例差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5.662～32.128, P〈0.05）。共6个危险因素进入回归模型，危险性由高到低依次是年龄超过35岁（OR＝11.397）、睡眠不良（OR＝3.013）、烦恼处理方式不当（OR＝2.758）、飞行中颈椎姿势经常不端正（OR＝2.618）、每日看消费类电子屏幕超过4 h（OR＝2.192）、经常连续看屏幕2 h以上（OR＝1.899）。结论歼击机飞行员日常颈痛发生率较高。生活方式可能对本组飞行员日常颈痛的影响较大，不能做到劳逸结合及合理情绪调节可能是歼击机飞行员日常颈痛的重要危险因素。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of neck pain in fighter pilots . Methods Cluster random sampled fighter pilots were investigated by a cross-sectional survey .The questionnaire included daily neck pain ,as well as such exposure factors as personal general conditions ,life styles and flight traing styles .The subjects with daily neck pain were constituted to the neck pain group and those without daily neck pain were selected as the control group .The differences in age ,body mass index ,lifestyle and training styles were compared between two groups .Then the risk factors were analyzed by a Logistic regression model . Results Data of 429 fighter pilots were validated and were analyzed .The prevalence of daily neck pain was 30 .1% .The differences on the proportions of age over 35 yr ,sleep disorders ,improper measures against annoyance ,sedentary habit ,more than 4 hours of consumer electronics watching per day ,more than 2 hours of sustained monitor watching frequently , mattress too hard , long-term flight , vibration influence in flight , insufficient protection measures against ＋Gzload ,and no massage relaxation after flight showed statistically significance between two groups （χ2=5 .662～32 .128 , P〈0 .05） .Totally 6 latent risk factors of neck pain were concerned by Logistic regression model .The descending risk orders of the factors were the age over 35 yr （OR=11 .397） ,sleep disorders （OR = 3 .013 ） , improper measures against annoyance （OR = 2 .758 ） , awkward neck posture during flight （OR=2 .618） ,watching consumer electronics more than 4 hours per day （OR=2 .192） and continuously watching monitor more than 2 hours frequently （OR=1 .899） . Conclusions The prevalence of daily neck pain in fighter pilots was comparatively high .Life styles effectively influence the invasion of neck pain in fighter pilots according to the study .Insufficient work and rest alternation and unreasonable emotion regulation would be the important risk factors to the daily neck pain in fighter pilots .