军事睡眠医学的学科理论体系浅析

Brief analysis on the disciplinary theories of military sleep medicine

目的初步分析军事睡眠医学的学科理论体系，为该领域的研究发展提供参考借鉴。资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献资料。资料引用引用国内外公开发表的论文74篇。资料综合在简要回顾军事睡眠医学形成过程以及军事医学主要发展阶段的基础上，介绍了军事睡眠医学的基本概念及其分支学科与研究任务、研究方法。军事睡眠医学按研究对象可分为陆军睡眠医学、海军睡眠医学、空军睡眠医学或航空航天睡眠医学、火箭军睡眠医学等分支；研究范围主要包括开展军事作业人员睡眠相关的卫生勤务、临床医学、药学、心理学与认知工效学以及生物医学工程等方面的研究工作；研究方法主要包括以下3类：①睡眠状况的主观问卷调查，如通常采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、阿森斯失眠量表和其他量表进行睡眠和失眠状况的主观自评；②睡眠与觉醒功能的客观监测，如采用多导睡眠图和腕式体动监测仪进行睡眠觉醒的客观检测；③有关军事认知作业能力测评，如注意力、记忆力、视听刺激反应时和正确率等基本认知能力测评和以飞行模拟器为代表的特殊军事认知作业能力测评。随着军事高新技术装备的应用和作战训练模式的转变，军人认知作业能力将成为影响战斗力的重要或关键因素，而运用军事睡眠医学的研究成果进行军事作业人员睡眠一觉醒功能的有效调控将对促进睡眠、维持觉醒、增强作业能力等发挥重要作用。结论作为军事医学的一门新型边缘学科，军事睡眠医学正逐渐形成且日臻成熟。在新的形势任务下，积极深化和拓展该领域的研究可进一步提高我军的卫勤保障能力。

Objective To preliminarily probe into the disciplinary theory system of military sleep medicine, so as to provide references and instructions to the researches in this field. Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Seventy-four published papers were cited. Literature synthesis Based on brief reviews of the establishing process and main stages of development of military sleep medicine, the basic concepts, branches, research tasks and research methods of military sleep medicine were introduced. Military sleep medicine can be divided into army sleep medicine, navy sleep medicine, air force sleep medicine or aerospace sleep medicine, rocket force sleep medicine by subject. The main research scope of military sleep medicine includes following aspects： sleep related medical service, clinical medicine, pharmacy, psychology and cognitive ergonomics, and biomedical engineering for military personnel. The investigation of military sleep medicine can be done by three methods： （1） by subjective questionnaire for sleep or insomnia investigation. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQ） scale, Athens Insomnia Scale（AIS） and other scales are the common tool used for objective investigation. （2）by objective monitoring of sleep and wakefulness, such as the monitoring by polysomnography and wrist actigraphy. （3）by detection and evaluation of basic cognitive performance, such as attention, memory, reaction time and correct rate to visual or auditory stimuli, etc., as well as the special cognitive performance in military operation that typically presented by flight simulator. With the application of high-tech weapons and transformation of training mode the cognitive performance of military personnel will be the key factor to determine the fighting capacity. On the base of military sleep medicine researches the effective regulation of the sleep-wake function of military personnel will play an important role in improving sleep, maintaining wakefulness and enhancing operational ability. Conclusions As a new interdisciplinary subject in military medicine, military sleep medicine are being formed and gradually matured. We should deepen and expand the researches on military sleep medicine to fulfill the new requirements of mission and further improve the medical support capability of Chinese military forces.