左圭《百川学海》版本流传考

Historical Distribution of Baichuan Xuehai by Zuo Gui

南宋时期,左圭编撰的《百川学海》,被后世誉为丛书出版之嚆矢,南宋本现藏于国家图书馆。另有一部古刊本《百川学海》,现藏于日本宫内厅。该日藏本被视为明刊本,但经笔者核实,其与南宋本的板式、刻字、刻工姓名等皆相同。由于笔者仅凭复制材料,所以无法明确将其断定为宋刊或明刊,但至少可以确定的是,两者所用的版木是完全一致的。本文通过对宋明诸版本进行对比,实证了该版本最接近于初版原貌。中华再造善本使用国家图书馆所藏本,但其中的卷首及10种文献阙卷,以民国仿宋本补缺,未参考日藏本。若用日藏本补缺,《百川学海》所收的100种书里,除中日两套均失传的《圣门事业图》(13页半)之外,可以复原其他99种书的原貌。

In the southern Song dynasty, Zuo Gui compiled Baichuan Xuehai（Lit. Hundred Rivers Reach the Sea of Learning）, later praised as the earliest printed collectanea in China. Its first edition is in the possession of the National Library of China. Another old edition of Baichuan Xuehai is stored in the Imperial Household of Japan. This edition was previously appraised as a Ming dynasty print, whereas the author confirms this is totally identical to in printing block, including its frame, style, fonts, and carver＇s names. It is difficult to judge the printing time, Song dynasty or Ming dynasty, only by comparison with reproduction, but at least this paper successfully proved the same printing blocks were used in the two editions, and these two are the earliest and reliable edition among all existing editions. Recently, the National Library of China edition was reprinted in the series of Chinese Rare Book Facsimile Reprints, by complementing with the Minkuo period edition for the first volume and nine books which originals are lost in China. By desterilizing another edition in Japan, we can restore the original print of 99 in all the 100 original books of the collectaneam, while the rest is Shengmen Shiye Tu （Illustration of Sacred Member Enterprises）, which is lost in the both editions.