大型公交站的动态排队论分析与优化

Dynamic Queuing Theory and Its Optimization for Large Bus Station

公交站台是公交系统中关键的节点,其服务水平的高低不仅影响公交车的运行效率,也会直接影响周边交通的运行状况。为了提高常规公交车通过港湾式站台的效率,首先分析了公交站台内车辆运行和乘客候车的特性,引入排队论模型中的基本参数,并将服务时间改进为根据站内车辆数不同而动态变化的函数。同时针对不同时段公交的达到规律,采用分时段参数提高模型精度;其次在港湾式停靠站内设置了主、副站台,从而将站台模拟为M/M/2/N的系统,并制定了公交智能化进站的引导模式;最后运用该模型对重庆市大庙公交站台进行了实例分析,现状调查表明:大庙公交站台内部的延误时间占总运行时间的40.1%,公交车通过大庙公交站台的时间会在高峰时期急剧增加。采用站台分区管理和公交智能诱导模式后,可以有效控制大庙站台公交的进出秩序,排队车辆数减少了77.5%且不会出现排队溢出的现象,同时在高峰时期车辆通过大庙公交站台的时间降低了41.1%。

Bus station is the critical nod in the bus transit system. The service level of the bus station not only affects the operation efficiency of the bus,but also directly influences the operation condition of the surrounding traffic. In order to improve the efficiency of traditional bus crossing through the bus bay stop,the characteristics of vehicle operation and passenger waiting in public transport platform were analyzed firstly. The basic parameters in the queuing theory model were introduced,and the service time was improved to be a function which dynamically varied according to the number of vehicles in the station. Meanwhile,according to the law of bus arrival at different time periods,the time interval parameters were used to improve the accuracy of the model. Secondly,the main and auxiliary station were set in the bus bay stop,therefore,the platform was modeled as a M/M/2/N system; the guiding mode of intelligent bus stop was made. Finally,the proposed model was applied in a case study of Damiao bus station in Chongqing. The current survey shows that the interior delay time of Damiao bus station accounts for 40.1% of the total running time,and the time of bus passing through Damiao bus station will increase sharply during the rush hour. The entry and exit order of bus in Damiao bus station can be effectively controlled by using the platform zoning management and public traffic intelligent guidance model. The number of queuing vehicles is reduced by 77.5% and there is no queuing overflow,meanwhile,the time of vehicles passing through Damiao bus station is reduced by 41.1% during the rush hour.