范源濂与近代中国的高师教育

FAN Yuanlian and Higher Normal Education in Modern China

湖南教育家范源濂,早岁为塾师,受时风之感化,而入时务学堂学习,立志以开民智、兴教育为己任,特别重视师范教育,在日本东京高等师范学校求学期间,已经察觉中国缺乏新式师资的问题,通过办理速成师范,为国家培养了第一批师资,其中还有部分女性,尽管不完善,但这既解了燃眉之急,又开了新的风气。任职学部期间,筹划京师优级师范学堂,实现了"癸卯学制"关于高师独立设校的规定。民国以后,察觉各省都建一所高师,这种平均主义的做法,反而会导致教育发展的不均衡,为纠正时弊特地推行"高师教育分区制",划全国为六大师范区,着全力建设"六大高师"。为了此制的实现,甚至"不顾乡情"地勒令湖南高等师范学校停办。在甚嚣尘上的高师升格与"改大"的论战中,更是出任北京师范大学首任校长,明确表明了他的态度,却因经费奇绌,愤而辞职。他的一生是为中国高师教育奋斗的一生,值得后人铭记。

Inspired by the social ethos,FAN Yuanlian,later known as an educator from Hu‘nan Province,was enrolled in Shiwu Academy after several years as a shushi（ a teacher of privateschool） in his early age. When studying in Tokyo Higher Normal School,FAN paid much attention to normal education that he set up several accelerated normal courses,which trained the first batch of western-style teachers,some of whom were female.Despite of its imperfection,it made a breakthrough,satisfied the social needs,and opened a new trend. When serving in Xuebu,he prepared to establish Pecking Superior Grade Normal School,which realized the plan of setting up higher normal schools separately proposed by ＂Guimao School System＂. Soon the Republic of China saw the implement of ＂Zoning of Higher Normal Education＂with the establishment of six higher normal schools,which was also put into practice by FAN to rectify the defects of the previous system of ＂one higher normal school in each province＂. In the FOLLOWING movement of promoting higher normal schools to universities,he served as the first president of Pecking Normal University,supporting developing higher normal education even though he resigned due to lack of funds. Throughout his life,FAN made important contributions to the higher normal education of China. FAN deserves to be remembered.