飞行员面罩压力冲击对认知能力影响因素分析

Factor analysis of mask pressure positive pulse effect on pilot’s cognition

目的研究分析面罩压力冲击对飞行员认知能力产生影响的主要因素，为进一步制定机载氧源转换时飞行员面罩压力冲击生理卫生学指标要求提供依据。方法13名健康志愿者参加试验，采用正交试验设计，建立飞行员面罩压力冲击峰值、作用时间和频率3个关键因素、5个水平（峰值分别为196、294、392、490、588Pa，作用时间分别为150、200、300、400、500ms，频率分别为3、6、9、12、15次／min）正交试验；认知能力评估采用听觉序列加法测试（paced auditory serial addition task，PASAT）方法对听力、短期记忆力、计算能力、视力及手眼配合能力进行实时动态评估，统计不同状态下的错误总数，使用SPSS软件对试验结果数据进行多因素方差分析。结果得到有效样本13例。峰值因素对认知能力具有显著影响（P=0．01）；随着峰值的增加PASAT测试错误数增量显著增加；频率因素对认知能力的影响无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；作用时间因素对认知能力无影响。结论轻度飞行员面罩压力冲击会影响飞行员认知能力，该影响与冲击的峰值密切相关。

Objective To analyze the main factors of mask pressure positive pulse that affected the cognition of pilot and further to obtain the reference for studying the physiological requirements under the pulse impact during onboard oxygen sources switching. Methods Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in the experiments. Orthogonal experimental design method was adopted to establish 3 factors （pilot＇s mask pressure positive pulse peak, duration and frequency） and 5 pressure levels （196, 294, 392, 490, and 588 Pa） orthogonal experiments. The pulse duration was 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ms, the frequency was 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 times/min respectively corresponding to 5 levels. The paced auditory serial addition task （PASAT） method was used to evaluate the dynamic abilities of hearing, short-term memory, computing, visual and coordination in real time. The total numbers of errors under different states were counted. SPSS software was used to do the multifactor analysis of variance for test results. Results Thirteen samples were valid. Analysis of variance showed that the peak factor had significant effect on cognition （P =0.01）. Errors tested by PASATwere increased with the growing of peak. The frequency and duration factors were not statistically significant to cognition （P〈0.05）. The duration factor had no effect on cognitive ability. Conclusions Even mild mask pressure positive pulse could affect the cognition of pilot. The impact severity is closely related to the peak value of the pulse.