行政诉讼证明责任分配:从被告举证到多元主体分担

Allocation of the burden of proof in administrative proceedings: a shift from the defendant to multiple parties sharing the role of evidence producer

行政诉讼证明责任是在法院和当事人之间、原告与被告之间对证据提供的一种再分配,其核心目的在于发现案件事实。最高法对证据的基本立场与案件实际情况、参照原被告举证能力、证据的可获得的难易等具体因素相关,关于证据的司法政策根据实际情况对行政诉讼证明责任制度不断调整。人民法院通过价值衡量、举证责任的分配等方式,使得举证责任更契合实践的需要。最高人民法院司法政策选择改变了由被告负举证责任的一元模式,转化为当事人共同分担举证责任的多元模式。

The burden of proof in administrative proceedings is a reallocation of the responsibility to produce evidence between the court and litigants, and the plaintiff and defendant, and its core purpose is to fi nd the truth of the case. The basic position of the Supreme People＇s Court of China to the burden of proof relates to specific factors of a case, including capabilities of parties to offer evidence, availability of evidence, etc. Evidence-related judicial policies may modify rules of burden of proof in administrative proceedings according to actual situations. The court shall seek to make the rules of burden of proof better meet the practical needs by value balancing and allocating of burdens of proof. The choice of the Supreme People＇s Court of China about judicial policies promotes a shift from a unilateral mode of the defendant＇s offering evidence to the multiple mode of the burden of proof being shared by all litigants.