论司法鉴定管理与使用的衔接机制

On cohesive mechanism for management and application of forensic examinations

为了革除法院长期"自审自鉴"的积弊,实现科学鉴定客观中立服务民事司法的功能,2005年国家建构了司法行政机关管理鉴定与法院使用鉴定(意见)的二元结构。然而,司法鉴定管理主体与使用主体的二元分离,却造成司法实践中鉴定管理与使用关系的脱节,这既诱导法院与司法行政机关相互僭权,又未能在司法鉴定过程中成功形塑法院/法官、社会鉴定机构/鉴定人、当事人与司法行政机关之间的制度互动。针对既往法院鉴定管理权与使用权一体化的弊端以及法院与司法行政机关的管理权之争,国家固然应当分离司法鉴定管理与使用主体,但也应同时在鉴定管理与使用之间建立科学的衔接机制。建构衔接机制的根本路径,则是超越当前国家偏好约束社会鉴定机构/鉴定人的单一趋势,而应围绕司法鉴定的整个流程,在不同鉴定程序阶段,分别在不同主体之间塑造良性互动的制度机制。

In order to solve the longstanding problem of the court＇s ＂examining its self-made expert opinion＂ and fulfill the function of forensic science to serve the civil justice objectively and neutrally, a dual structure under which the function of administrative management and application of the forensic examination （the expert opinion） was split and thus attributed to the justice department and the court respectively was set up in 2005. The disconnection of the bodies of administrative management and application of forensic examination caused by the dual structure, however, has two negative consequences： the court and the justice department seek arrogation and there is no institutional interaction among courts/judges, social forensic examination institutions/ analysts, litigants and the local justice departments. With respect to the then-existing problem of court＇s sole administration on management and application of forensic examination, as well as the power struggle between the court and justice department, it is, arguably, true that the State should distinguish between the body for administrative management of forensic examination activities and for application of the expert opinion, and at the same time build a scientific cohesive mechanism between them. The essential path for building cohesive mechanism is to go over the unilateral trend of the state＇s preference to restrain the forensic examination institutions/analysts, and build a positive interaction mechanism among different parties around the whole process of and, respectively, in different stages of the forensic examination.