基于未确知测度的矿区生态风险评价及防范机制研究

Research on Ecological Risk Assessment and Prevention Mechanism in Mining Areas Based on Unascertained Measures Theory

为全面综合评价矿区生态风险，文章依据“压力-状态-响应”三个准则层选取了人均收入、尾矿库排洪排渗设施、开发利用水平、废水排放量等13项指标构建影响矿区生态风险的评价指标体系，并运用未确知测度理论，建立矿区生态风险评价模型，以湘西州花垣县为例进行矿区生态风险识别。结果表明：开发利用水平、废水排放量、尾矿库排洪排渗设施、植被覆盖率、空气质量、地质构造、政策及技术水平是影响花垣矿区生态风险的主要因素，花垣矿区生态风险等级为轻警。在此基础上，从预警机制和应急机制两方面建立矿区生态风险防范机制。以期为政府有效防范矿区生态风险，构筑矿区生态安全屏障提供借鉴。

In order to assess the ecological risk of mining areas comprehensively, this paper based on the three criteria of ＂Pressure-State-Response＂ to construct multivariate evaluation index system that would influence the ecological risk of the mining areas. Then it cited the unascertained measurement theory, an ecological risk assess- ment model for mining areas had been established, and Huayuan County in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture was used as an example to identify the ecological risk level of the mining area. The result showed that development and utilization levels, wastewater discharge capacity, railings pond drainage and drainage facilities, vegetation cover- age, air quality, geological structure, government policies and technological improvement levels were the main fac- tors affecting the ecological risk of Huayuan mining area. The current level of ecological risk in Huayuan County was slight risk. On this basis, the prevention mechanism of ecological risks in mining areas was established from the two aspects of early warning mechanisms and emergency mechanisms. The above research could provide reference for the government to effectively prevent the ecological risk in the mining area and to construct the ecological safe- ty barrier in the mining area.