“诉权层次论”视域下的行政诉权要件探析——基于诉权本质学说与诉权要件之关联性考察

Analysis about Elements of the Right of Administrative Action in the View of “the Theory about Layered Right of Action”——Based on the Relationship between the Doctrine about the Right of Action's Nature and the Element of the Right of Action

行政诉权要件乃当事人享有行政诉权所需具备之条件,其在判断当事人有无诉权、优化配置司法资源、过滤纠纷、为真正需要者提供救济等方面发挥举足轻重的作用。行政诉权要件受制于特定的诉权本质学说,且遵循"诉权本质学说→诉权内容→诉权要件"的研究思路。经由对既有行政诉权本质学说的反思与批判,可得出应在"诉权层次论"视域下界定行政诉权要件之结论。根据"诉权层次论",行政诉权要件区别于起诉要件、诉讼要件、本案要件等与诉讼过程阶段化构造相关的诸要件,且具备自身的独特构造:第1层次行政诉权(起诉权)之要件为起诉要件;第2层次行政诉权(获得实体裁判权)之要件为行政纠纷可诉性、原告适格与狭义诉的利益;第3层次行政诉权(获得公正裁判权)缺乏独立的诉权要件。

The element of the right of administrative action, which plays an important role in determining whether the parties have the right of action, optimizing the allocation of judicial resources, filtering disputes, providing relief for those who really need it and so on, is a necessary condition for the parties concerned to obtain the right of administrative action. The element of the right of administrative action is subject to a specific doctrine about the right of action＇s nature, and follows the research idea： from the doctrine about the right of action＇s nature to the contents of the right of action, and then to the elements of the right of action.Through the reflection and criticism of the existing doctrine about the right of administrative action ＇s nature, a conclusion can be drawn that the elements of the right of administrative action should be defined in the view of ＂The theory about layered right of action＂. According to ＂The theory about layered right of action＂, the element of the right of administrative action is different from elements which relate to the stage structure of litigation process, such as the requirement to sue, the requirement about a suit ＇s legality, the requirement about a suit＇s justifiability and so on. The element of the right of administrative action has its own unique structure： the first layer of the right of administrative action is the right to sue, and the corresponding element is the requirement to sue; the second layer of the right of administrative action is the right to obtain the substantive trial, and the corresponding elements are the justiciability of administrative disputes, standing and the interest of litigation; the third layer of the right of administrative action is the right to obtain a fair trial, which lacks independent elements.