轿子山急尖长苞冷杉叶片和气孔特征随海拔梯度变化研究

Variation of Leaf and Stomatal Features of Abies georgei var. smithii in Mt. Jiaozi

海拔梯度变化在很小的地理范围内会引起多种环境因子的变化,研究植物性状随海拔梯度的变异特征,对于理解植物对环境适应策略具有重要意义。在云南轿子山国家级自然保护区12个不同海拔(3 510、3 550、3 610、3 660、3 700、3 760、3 790、3 840、3 900、3 960、4 000、4 060 m)样地内观测急尖长苞冷杉的叶片基本特征和气孔特征。结果表明:随海拔的升高,急尖长苞冷杉叶片大小呈双峰型变化,在海拔3 610 m处及4 000 m处存在2个峰值,而叶片厚度无显著变化,气孔密度及大小与海拔存在极小的负相关;综合叶片及气孔特征,海拔变化对急尖长苞冷杉的叶片性状有明显影响,海拔3 610 m为急尖长苞冷杉的最适生长区域;随海拔升高,环境因子逐渐恶劣,逐渐不适应急尖长苞冷杉生长。

Elevation gradient variation in a small geographical range causes a variety of the changes of environmental factors. The research for the relationship between plant features and altitudes is significant to understand the environmental adaptation strategy of plants. The leaf and stomatal features of Abies georgei var. smithii at twelve sites located at different elevations（ 3510, 3550, 3610, 3660, 3700, 3760, 3790, 3840, 3900,3960,4000,4060 m） on Mt. Jiaozi were measured and analyzed.The results showed that leaf size showed the bimodal-shaped relationship with the altitude. The greatest size was observed at 3610 m and 4000 m elevation. There was no obvious change in the blade thickness while stomatal density and size had minimal negative correlation with altitude. Considering the characteristics of leaf and stomatal,the influence of altitude was obvious. The altitude of 3610 m was the optimal elevation for growth of Abies georgei var. smithii. With the increase of altitude,the environmental factors became worse and less suitable for the growth.