庭审话语会话修正中的认知状态研究

A Study on the Epistemic Status of Conversational Repair in Courtroom Trial Discourse

本文以法庭庭审互动话语为语料,分析了认知状态的3个维度对修正引导和修正策略的制约作用。研究发现:1)交际者认知立场的变化常常引发自我修正,表现为K-→K+和K+→K-两种形式,法官、公诉人和律师较频繁使用K-→K+形式提高认知立场,被告人和证人常常采用主动性话语策略K+→K-形式降低认知立场;2)当修正引导者处于K-认知状态时,修正引导具有询问的功能,当修正引导者处于K+认知状态时,修正引导具有要求确认或不赞同的功能;3)被告人和证人实施他人修正的频次大大高于法官、公诉人和被告代理人,这一分布状况与交际者的认知优先权息息相关;4)刑事庭审话语中,责任归属在交际者中的分布状况体现了权力的不平衡性。

Based on the transcripts of courtroom trials totaling more than 700 000 words,this article studies the restrictive functions of epistemic status in the choice of repair initiators and strategies. It is found that: 1) Self repairs usually are solicited by the change of epistemic stance of interlocutors,which can be embodied in two formats: K-→K+ and K+→K-. 2) When the epistemic status of the speaker is K-,the action of initiator is inquiry. When it is K+,the action of initiator is request for confirmation or disagreement. 3) The frequency of other repair by defendant or witness is much higher than that by judge, prosecutor or lawyer, and the epistemic primacy is the critical factor of this phenomenon. 4) The asymmetry of epistemic responsibilities reflects the imbalance of power among interlocutors.