公共价值与20世纪末美国女性单亲家庭福利改革话语的构建

Social Values and the Discourse of Welfare Reform in the United States

面向弱势群体的公共福利政策,通常是彰显社会价值取向的重要表征。美国的社会福利制度在20世纪90年代彻底摒弃了旧有济贫模式,经历了从"重救济"到"重就业与重家庭"的功能嬗变。彼时美国女性单亲家庭福利政策主导价值观念的变化,福利国家可能存在的道德危险,知识界与媒体对美国国民与决策者的价值导向宣传,共同构成了1996年美国单亲家庭福利改革的重要背景。

The public welfare policy for the disadvantaged is usually an important measure to highlight mainstream social values. In the 1990s, American welfare system replaced the AFDC with the TANF which aims at promoting employment and protecting nuclear families. The dominant values of welfare policy for the single-parent families, the moral hazard that may exist in the welfare state, the media reports and academic research＇ s influence to the decision-makers all constituted the important background of the 1996 welfare reform.