全身麻醉药机制的研究技术进展

Application of new techniques in mechanistic study of general anesthesia

背景目前，全身麻醉药物的作用机制尚不清楚，但其研究技术发展迅速。目的综述近年来全身麻醉药物作用机制研究方面的技术进展。内容各种新技术（如新型神经环路示踪技术、光遗传学、化学遗传学、神经活动钙信号光学检测、微透析-高效液相色谱技术、神经影像学技术）在全身麻醉药物作用机制研究中的运用。趋向探讨各种新技术运用于全身麻醉药物作用机制研究的优势，为全身麻醉药物作用机制的研究提供更多思路。

Background The mechanisms underlying the actions of general anesthetics are poorly understood. The application of breakthrough techniques in neuroscience research could advance our understanding of general anesthesia. Objective To review the application of research techniques to study the mechanisms underlying the actions of general anesthetics. Content Studies using conventional neuroscience research techniques revealed that general anesthetics may cause deep anesthesia by targeting at least three parts, thalamocortical pathway, classical sleep-wake circuitry, and cortical fragmentation circuits. The combination of viral vector-assisted retrograde and anterograde neuronal tracing and transgenie Cre-mouse lines allows tracing neural pathways involving particular neuron types. Application of optogenetics, chemogenetics, in vivo calcium imaging, and microdialysis and neuroimaging techniques would overcome the obstacles unconquerable to conventional techniques and fulfill in vivo real-time neuroimaging, neurochemical and behavioral monitoring, and neuromodulations as well. Trend More investigations incorporate the multidisciplinary techniques to systemically study the potential targets of general anesthetics, and evaluate the involvement of the targets in various aspects of anesthesia. These studies could pave the avenue to eventually solve the mystery of general anesthesia.