基于我国中部农村地区28万人群的防癌认知调查分析

Awareness of Cancer Prevention Knowledge Among Rural Residents in the Middle of China

[目的]了解我国中部农村地区居民对癌症防治核心知识的认知情况,并探讨影响认知的相关因素,为今后肿瘤综合防治策略与措施的制订提供基础信息。[方法]2007~2016年间,以江苏、安徽、山东及河南4省首次参加食管癌、胃癌及肝癌早诊早治项目的 34个乡镇为调查现场,以面对面调查的方式对282 272名35~69岁居民进行癌症防治核心知识的问卷调查,并将调查结果赋值进行统计分析。[结果]调查人群癌症防治核心知识平均得分为57.7分,57.41%居民的认知得分在40~70分之间,年龄、性别、教育水平、收入水平以及有无恶性肿瘤家族史是影响防癌认知水平的主要因素。调查人群对＂肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌为我国常见恶性肿瘤＂、＂吸烟、饮酒为恶性肿瘤的主要危险因素＂、＂戒烟、限酒可减少癌症发生＂及＂肿块、疼痛为癌症警示症状＂的认知水平较高,知晓率均在90%以上;对＂职业危害是癌症的危险因素＂以及＂消除职业危害可减少癌症发生＂的认知水平较低,知晓率仅20.26%和20.95%。66.35%的居民愿意接受的健康体检频率为每年一次,但大多数居民（55.14%）所能承受的最高自费体检费用为100元以下。[结论]我国中部农村地区居民对癌症核心知识的知晓程度偏低,对癌症常见的危险因素、警示症状等知识的认知不够全面,需要接受系统的防癌知识教育。不同年龄、性别、文化程度、收入水平居民的癌症防治核心知识的知晓程度不同。应着重对认知水平较低人群开展多形式癌症防治知识的科普宣传,提高农村居民主动防癌的意识。

[Purpose] To survey the awareness of cancer prevention knowledge among rural residents in the middle of China. [Methods] A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 34 townships in Jiangsu,Anhui,Shandong and Henan Provinces during 2007~2016. A total of 282 272 residents aged 35~69 years participated in the survey. [Results] The average score of cancer prevention knowledge was 57.7. The awareness was influenced by gender,age,family history of cancer,average education level and income. The awareness of ＂lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer are common malignant tumors in China＂ was 96.03%,whereas the awareness of ＂occupational agents can increase cancer death＂ was only 20.26%. 66.35% subjects were willing to have annual healthy check-up,and 55.14% accepted less than 100 yuan paid for medical examination. [Conclusion] Rural residents in the middle of China do not have enough knowledge of cancer,cancer risk factors and alerting symptoms. Therefore,health education of cancer prevention should be strengthened.