肿瘤放疗患者心理状态的影响因素及与营养风险的相关性分析

Influencing factors of psychological states and its correlation with nutritional risks in tumor radiotherapy patients

目的 调查肿瘤放疗患者心理状态,分析其影响因素以及与营养风险的相关性,为放疗患者的个性化心理护理提供相关依据.方法 采用方便抽样法,于2016年10—12月,应用华西心晴指数量表（HEI）、NRS 2002调查313例放疗患者的心理和营养风险状况,采用单因素分析、多元线性回归以及Perason相关分析肿瘤放疗患者心理状态的影响因素及与营养风险的相关性.结果 313例患者HEI得分平均（7.95±6.58）分,42.48％的患者存在焦虑或抑郁等心理问题,4.15％的患者有自杀风险,6.07％的患者存在营养风险.Pearson相关分析显示,放疗患者NRS 2002与HEI得分呈正相关（r=0.304,P〈0.01）.多元线性回归分析显示,门诊放疗、初次放疗、不良反应、手术、营养风险是放疗患者HEI得分的影响因素.结论 肿瘤放疗患者心理问题较严重,需结合患者是否门诊放疗、是否初次放疗、有无不良反应、是否手术、是否有营养风险等进行个性化心理护理,改善患者心理状况.

Objective To investigate the psychological states of tumor radiotherapy patients, analyze its influencing factors and correlation with nutritional risks, and offer relevant reference for personalized nursing for radiotherapy patients. Methods Totally 313 radiotherapy patients were selected by convenient sampling. Their psychological states and nutritional risks were investigated with Huaxi Emotional-distress Index （HEI） and NRS 2002 from October to December 2016. Univariate analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological states, and the correlation between the psychological states and nutritional risks in tumor radiotherapy patients. Results The mean HEI score of the 313 patients was （7.95 -＋ 6.58）. 42.48% of the patients showed anxiety, depression and other psychological problems. 4.15% of the patients were at risk of suicide. 6.07% of the patients sustained nutritional risks. According to Pearson correlation analysis, NRS 2002 and HEI scores were positively correlated in radiotherapy patients （r=0.304, P 〈 0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of HEI scores included outpatient radiotherapy, primary radiotherapy, adverse effects, surgery and nutritional risks. Conclusions Tumor radiotherapy patients sustained serious psychological problems, and personalized nursing is required to improve the patients＇ psychological status based on whether they receive outpatient radiotherapy, primary radiotherapy or surgery, and whether there are adverse effects or nutritional risks.