碳青霉烯耐药的肠杆菌科细菌诊断进展

Progress in the diagnosis of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

碳青霉烯耐药的肠杆菌科细菌(Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,CRE)在全球快速上升,已出现了不同的基因型,为临床诊治提出新的挑战。CRE分为具有不同特点和耐药基因的三大类五大家族;诊断方法包括Kirby-Bauer法初筛试验,碳青霉烯类药物的协同试验(EDTA与美罗培南、苯硼酸与美罗培南的双纸片抑制法)、改良的Hodge试验、显色培养基检测等CRE筛选试验,而Carba NP比色微管试验、PCR及测序等为CRE确认试验。上述方法均各有其优缺点,可根据当地的主要流行CRE型别和实验条件选择应用。

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE） is rising rapidly all over the world, and challenges clinical diagnosis and treatment by various genotypes. This paper summarizes the characteristics and diagnostic methods of CRE. CRE can be divided into three categories and five families with various characteristics and resistant genes. The diagnosis method include the Kirby-Bauer screening test, double disc synergetic inhibition test with carbapenems collaboration（double disc EDTA and meropenem, phenylboronic acid and meropenem）, modified Hodge test, chromogenic medium detection for selected test of CRE, and Carba NP colorimetric test, PCR and sequencing for CRE confirmation test. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be applied according to the local main popular CRE genetypes and experimental conditions.