室内火灾情况下应急指挥组织结构的评价与选择

Evaluation and selection of the organizational structure of emergency commanding and instruction in case of indoor fire disaster

为了构建一个高效、有序的应急指挥组织结构以适应动态的室内火灾环境,最终快速地完成应急救援工作,首先以室内火灾为背景,通过实际调查与查阅文献建立了3种类型的组织结构模型——职能式组织结构、线性组织结构和矩阵式组织结构;其次,基于信息熵理论确定了3种组织结构的时效、质量、有序度、柔性度并进行了分析;然后,以此4项指标为评价标准使用熵权多目标决策方法对3种组织结构进行评价,最终确定矩阵式组织结构作为室内火灾发生时应急疏散的指挥组织结构。

In order to build up an efficient and orderly organizational structure of the emergency commanding system and make it fit for the dynamic and unexpected indefinite environment of indoor fire disaster,the given article is devoted to evaluating the three typical organizational structures for emergency commanding of indoor fire disasters and choosing the most reasonable one of the three as the emergency commanding mode. It is just for this purpose that we have chosen to apply the entropy theory to the assessment of the working efficiency of an organizational structure in the first stage. And,then,in the second stage,we have decided to choose the multi-objective decision making method based on the entropy weight to make choice. In so doing,we have first of all to build up a three-in-one functional working unit,including an organizational structure,a linear organizational structure and a matrix organizational structure,the three of which has been built up based on the actual survey and reference to the literatures concerned. And then,the above mentioned structures should be assessed by the following four indexes： the effectiveness,the quality,the order degree and the necessary flexibility. Needless to say,the aforementioned three organizational structures may all have their own respective advantages and disadvantages. And,thirdly,it is recommended to apply the multi-objective decision making method to work out the entropy weight,and make a comparison between the distance from the ideal point and the proper way to take the action to put into action for emergency rescue. At this,it is necessary to study the distance and the surrounding situation between the matrix organizational structure and the ideal point,which are supposed to be 0. 283 7 and 0. 151 8,respectively,that is the lowest point of all in accordance with the assessment data obtained. And,finally,everything considered,an emergency commanding mode for indoor fire fighting and life rescue would have been chosen and decided as a matrix organizational structure. All of the data in the article have been worked out on the basis of the contact and discussion among the organizational structures and the people concerned. Thus,the future work can then be focused on the construction of the dynamic organizational structure of the emergency commanding to adopt in accordance with the actual situation so as to ensure the data dependable.Thus,it can be seen that the research results of this paper can be expected to provide an empirical reference to the selection of the emergency commanding mode for indoor fire disaster fighting.