施用生物炭对膜下滴灌玉米土壤水肥热状况及产量的影响

Effects of Biological Carbon on Soil Water-Fertilizer-Heat and Maize Yield Under Mulched Drip Irrigation

为探究生物炭在河套灌区滴灌玉米种植过程中的适用性,试验设置不施用生物炭(CK)、生物炭施用量为15 t/hm^2(ST1)、30 t/hm^2(ST2)、45 t/hm^2(ST3)和60 t/hm^2(ST4)共5个处理,研究了不同施炭量对土壤含水率、温度、养分含量和玉米产量指标的影响。结果表明:随生物炭施用量的增加,玉米耕层土壤含水率呈先增加后减小的趋势,但均明显高于CK,且当施炭量达到45 t/hm^2,效果最为显著,各生育期0~20 cm平均含水率较CK高15.01%、19.60%、13.12%、11.06%和3.38%。施用生物炭显著提高了耕层土壤养分含量,玉米全生育期内,各施用生物炭处理土壤有机碳含量平均较CK高37.48%~56.09%,差异性显著,以处理ST4增幅最大;速效磷平均较CK高51.26%~69.75%,差异性显著,且处理ST3增幅最大;速效钾平均较CK高25.97%~49.37%,差异性显著;碱解氮含量平均较CK高29.91%~51.88%,差异性显著,以处理ST3增幅最大。施用生物炭显著提高了耕层土壤温度,且随施炭量的增加呈增加趋势,但当施炭量达到45 t/hm^2后,增温效果减弱。施用生物炭显著提高了玉米产量,处理ST1、ST2、ST3和ST4分别较CK增产11.05%、18.56%、22.46%和18.72%,差异性显著。综上所述,施用生物炭显著改善了耕层土壤的水肥热条件,且增产效果显著,较适宜在河套灌区膜下滴灌玉米种植过程中应用推广。

In order to discuss the applicability of biological carbon for maize planting in Hetao Irrigation District. Five treatments,including non biological carbon（ CK）,biological carbon application amount of 15 t/hm2（ ST1）,30 t/hm2（ ST2）,45 t/hm2（ ST3） and 60 t/hm2（ ST4）,are used to study the effects of biological carbon amount on soil moisture,soil temperature,soil nutrient content and yield of maize. The results show that： with the increase of the biological carbon amount,the soil moisture content of the maize plough layer increases first and then decreases,but all of the other treatments are significantly higher than that of CK; when the carbon application amount reaches 45 t/hm2,the effect is the most significant,and the average moisture content of 0～20 cm depth layer in each growth period is higher than that of CK by 15.01%,19.60%,13.12%,11.06% and 3.38%,respectively; the application of biological carbon significantly increases soil nutrient content of the maize plough layer,the soil organic carbon content in the whole growth period is higher than that of CK; in the whole growth period of maize,the average content of soil organic carbon of each biological carbon treatment is higher than that of CK by 37.48% ～ 56.09%,the difference is significant,and the increase of ST4 is the greatest; the average amount of available phosphorus is higher than that of CK by51.26% ～ 69.75%,the difference is significant,and the increase of ST3 is the greatest; the average amount of available potassium is higher than that of CK by 25.97% ～ 49.37%,the difference is significant; the average content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is higher than that of CK by 29.91% ～ 51.88%,the difference is significant,and the increase of ST3 is the largest; the application of biological carbon significantly increases the soil temperature of the plough layer,and it increases with the increase of carbon application,but when the carbon amount reaches 45 t/hm2,the temperature increasing effect is weakened; the yield of maize is significantly increased by biological carbon application,the yield of ST1,ST2,ST3 and ST4 is increased by 11.05%,18.56%,22.46% and 18.72%,respectively,compared with CK,and the difference is significant. In summary,the application of biological carbon significantly improves the moisture-fertilizer-heat condition of the plough layer and the yield increasing effect is significant. So it is suitable for application in the drip irrigation maize planting process in Hetao Irrigation District.