基于正交试验的蓄滞型雨水花园结构参数优选研究

Optimization of Structural Parameters of Retention Rainwater Garden Based on Orthogonal Test

通过对济南地区水生态环境及水文特性的研究,选取影响试验指标的主要结构参数,包括种植植被、种植土层配料选择、人工填料层填料选择、人工填料层填料粒径,对4因素分别设置3水平,利用正交试验设计理论,通过人工降雨方式对9组试验进行实地试验模拟。利用TOPSIS综合评价法、极差及方差对试验指标雨水蓄存率、初始产流时间、洪峰延迟时间进行分析评价,结果表明:雨水蓄存率、初始产流时间、洪峰延迟时间分别在34.65%~82.83%,38.5~197.0 min,58.5~219.0 min之间,平均值分别为56.08%、103.94 min、146.5 min,植被选择、人工填料层填料粒径对雨水花园蓄滞效应的影响最显著,种植土层配料选择、人工填料层填料选择影响最弱;最佳雨水花园蓄滞效应的综合配置方案为千屈菜、5份园土+3份的腐叶土+2份河沙、30 cm石英砂+20 cm煤灰渣、下层:小粒径。

Through the study of water ecological environment and hydrological characteristics of Jinan area,the main structural parameters affecting the test indicators,including planting vegetation,planting soil mixture selection,artificial stuffing filler selection,artificial filler particle size,are selected. And 3 levels are set for each factor. Using the orthogonal experiment design theory,9 groups of experiments are simulated through artificial rainfall. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method,the extreme difference and the variance method are used to analyze and evaluate the experimental indexes,including the storage rate,initial flow time and flood peak delay time,and the values of them are 34.65% to 82. 83%,38. 5 to 197. 0 min,58. 5 to 219. 0 min,and the average values are 56. 08%,103. 94 min,146. 5 min,respectively. The selection of vegetation and particle size of artificial packing layer have the most significant influences on retention effect of rainwater garden,while planting soil ingredient selection,packing selection have the weakest influences. For water retention,the best comprehensive allocation scheme for rainwater garden is loosestrife,50% field soil with 30% leaf mold and 20% river sand,30 cm thickness quartz sand and 20 cm thickness coal ash dreg,and the small particle size in lower layer.