甜瓜白粉病不同生理小种发病环境条件分析

Analyze of Environmental Condition and Germinating Process of Different Physiologic Races of Powdery Mildew in Melon

以2株甜瓜白粉病菌为供试菌,通过种植13份葫芦科白粉病鉴别寄主,根据其抗感反应鉴定白粉病生理小种;采集白粉病分生孢子,在显微镜下观察其所呈现的状态及形态;采用考马斯亮蓝染色法,在显微镜下观察白粉病菌萌发过程;利用白粉病发病时期环境数据,分析不同生理小种发病环境条件,以期为甜瓜及其近源葫芦科经济作物的生产和育种提供参考依据。结果表明:引起甜瓜白粉病病菌属于单囊壳白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii,Px),东北农业大学设施园艺工程中心生理小种为1号生理小种,东北农业大学向阳实验实习基地生理小种为2F号生理小种;通过显微观察的手段观察到了甜瓜白粉病1号生理小种分生孢子由萌发到成熟的形态;并且通过环境数据分析认为高温且平稳高湿度的环境有利于1号生理小种的发病。

Two fungus coused powdery mildew were used as materials,13 hosts were planted to identify the physiological race of powdery mildew according to anti-susceptibility responses on melon.Conidia of powdery mildew were then collected and observed under the microscope,and the germ of powdery mildew was dyed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue（CCB）and its germination process were observed under the microscope.Finally,the environmental conditions suitable for the different physiological races of powdery mildew were analyzed on the meteorological data.In order to provide reference for the production and breeding of melon and its close source of the economic crops.The results showed that pathogenic bacterium on melon was Podosphaera xanthii（Px）,and the physiological races in the Horticultural Station of Northeast Agricultural University（NEAU）and Xiangyang Station were race 1 and 2 F,respectively.High stable temperature and smooth relative humidity were more benefit to the emergence and germination of race 1 than race 2 F.Powdery mildew was one of the catastrophic diseases for limiting the production and yield of melon.Researches on the pathogenesis of different physiological races of powdery mildew were important for production and breeding in melon and other economic crops in Cucurbitaceae.