大同市2016年农村饮用水卫生现状调查

Investigation of drinking water quality in rural areas of Datong in 2016

目的全面了解大同市农村饮用水卫生现状,为政府指导水质改善提供依据。方法采用统一调查表,对大同市9个涉农县(区)农村饮用水基本情况进行调查,并依据GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》分别于枯水期和丰水期采集水样,进行水质19项指标检测,检测结果依据GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价。结果大同市9个涉农县(区)农村集中式供水覆盖人口近50万,供水水源以地下水为主,水源防护率为47.03%,水质完全处理率为5.02%,饮用水水质总合格率为32.74%,其中丰水期合格率为26.34%,枯水期合格率为43.82%,二者之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=45.58,P<0.01);三类水质检测指标中感官性状及一般化学指标、毒理学指标和微生物指标的合格率分别为89.39%、89.04%和47.95%,三者之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=553.13,P<0.01),其中微生物指标合格率最低;19项水质检测指标中总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、氟化物和硝酸盐超标率较高,分别为52.05%、11.39%、7.43%和5.09%。结论微生物指标和毒理学指标是反映大同市农村饮用水水质不合格的主要指标,应加强水源防护,增加水质消毒设施及必要的水质净化设施,保障农村饮用水符合国家卫生标准。

Objective To understand the status of drinking water quality in rural areas of Datong,provide the scientific data for the government to improve water quality. Methods Using unified questionnaire to investigate the drinking water quality of 9 agricultural-related counties,and in accordance with GB5750-2006 ＂Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water＂,water samples were collected in wet and drought period respectively,conducting a water quality test with 19 indicators,the results were determined according to GB5749-2006 ＂Hygiene Standards for Drinking Water＂. Results The city＇s 9 agricultural-related counties had a centralized water supply of nearly 500,000,sources of water supply were mainly groundwater,water protection rate was 47. 03%,total treatment rate of water quality was 5. 02%,total drinking water qualified rate was32. 74%,qualified rate of wet period was 26. 34%,qualified rate of drought period was 43. 82%,there was a statistical difference between the two periods（ χ^2= 553. 13,P〈0. 01）,the lowest qualification rate was the microbiological indicator. In19 indicators,the over-standard rates of total coliforms,heat-resistant coliforms,fluoride and nitrate were higher,52. 05%,11. 39%,7. 43% and 5. 09% respectively. Conclusion Microbiological indicator and toxicological indicator are the main reasons which make the city＇s rural drinking water unqualified,it should strengthen the protection of water sources,increase the disinfection facilities of water quality and the necessary water purification facilities,and ensure that the rural drinking water meet the national health standards.