2013—2017年上海市浦东新区高温中暑病例流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2013-2017

目的分析2013-2017年上海市浦东新区高温中暑病例流行病学特征,探讨危险因素,为做好高温预防控制工作提供依据。方法收集"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"中"高温中暑病例报告系统"中高温中暑病例基本信息,同时在报告医疗机构中对中暑患者开展流行病学调查,收集资料,进行统计分析。结果共收集病例246例,男性173例,女性73例,平均年龄(57.3±22.1)岁,其中,男性平均年龄(50.5±20.9)岁,女性平均年龄(73.5±15.3)岁。中暑时有相关活动的共188例,男性137例,女性51例,男性中暑主要发生在户外工作场所,主要职业为工人,女性则以居家为主要中暑场所,有76.1%的住所未装或未开空调。高温中暑病例有72.8%集中在7月。经诊断共有76例(30.9%)轻症中暑,170例(69.1%)重症中暑,重症中暑中热射病所占比例最多,共95例,占55.9%。此外,6月份的重症中暑病例数占该月份总中暑60%,7月份重症中暑病例数占该月份总中暑73.7%,8月份重症中暑病例数占该月份总中暑56.5%。结论 2013—2017年上海市浦东新区高温中暑男性显著多于女性,且明显年轻于女性;户外工作者以及老年居家者是防暑的重点关注对象,7、8月份是中暑的高发时间,要加强防暑降温措施的完善以及防暑知识的宣讲,此外,也不能忽略夏季前期的防暑工作的准备与开展。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from2013-2017,explore the risk factors,and provide the basis for the prevention and control of high temperature. [Methods ] The basic information of heat stroke cases came from the Heat Stroke Case report System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. At the same time,epidemiological investigation was carried out among the heat stroke patients in the reporting medical institutions,to collect data for statistical analysis. [Results] A total of 246 cases were collected,including 173 males and 73 females,with an average age of（57.3±22.1） years old,and the average age of males was（50.5±20.9） years old while that of females was（73.5±15.3） years old. There were 188 cases who had related activities during heat stroke,including 137 males and 51 females. Heat stroke of male patients mainly occurred in the outdoor work place,with the main occupations being workers,and females toke home as the main heatstroke place,76.1% of the dwellings closed or have no air-conditions. 72.8% of cases occurred in July. A total of 76 cases（30.9%） were diagnosed as mild stroke,the rest 170 cases（69.1%） were diagnosed as severe heat stroke,the thermoplegia accounted for the most proportion of the severe cases,a total of 95 cases,accounting for 55.9%. In addition,the number of severe heat stroke cases in June accounted for 60% of the total heat stroke in this month. In July,the number of severe heat stroke cases accounted for 73.7% of the total cases. In August,the number of severe heat stroke cases accounted for 56.5% of the total cases in this month. [Conclusion] In Pudong New Area of Shanghai,the number of male heat stroke patients is much more than that of female patients,besides,male patients are younger than female patients. Outdoor workers and elderly home people are the focus of heat stroke prevention. July and August have the highest incidence of heat stroke. It is important to improve summer cooling measures and carry out health education of heat stroke. Moreover,the presummer heatstroke prevention work can not be ignored.