从不同视域谈“娜拉”出走之后——《伤逝》与《商市街》的对比分析

Discussing What Happened after “Nara”Left Home from Different Views Comparative Analysis of Market Street and Grieving for the Past

"出走的娜拉"是中国现代文学作品中说不尽的女性母题,鲁迅在短篇小说《伤逝》中首次结合中国社会特征,讨论了"娜拉"出走后的处境问题。十年之后深受他启蒙文学观影响的作家萧红出版了散文集《商市街》,以自己离家流亡的亲身经历为原型,站在女性视角上细密地记录了"娜拉"出走后所面临的生存压力和精神危机,两部作品无意中实现了内容和主题上呼应与契合。然而,不同性别的叙述立场、不同时代的社会状貌、不同境遇的生存处境也形成两代作家对"娜拉"出走后的命运诠释的差异,鲁迅站在启蒙者立场的审视着出走后的"娜拉"在失去附丽的爱情中节节溃败,萧红则是设身处地地还原了"娜拉"出走后遭遇的种种生存艰难与精神伤痛。如果说,《伤逝》中的子君是传统"娜拉"的基本款,《商市街》中的悄吟则是现代"娜拉"的升级版,前者象征着启蒙初期现代女性意识的觉醒,后者则代表着建立起成熟的独立心理的女性知识分子。

＂Nora＂is a feminine motif that always exists in Chinese modern literary. Lu Xun firstly discussed the situation after the ＂Nora＂fleeing by combining the characteristics of Chinese society in his short story＂Grieving for the past＂. After ten years,Xiao Hong,a female writer deeply influenced by his enlightening literature view,published the collection of essays ＂Market Street＂. He prototyped his personal experiences of his exile from home and recorded the survival pressure and mental crisis he faced after ＂Nora＂left. The two works accidentally formed the correspondence of content and theme. However,it also resulted in the different ideas of the two generations of writers on the fate of ＂Nora＂after leaving due to the narrative positions of different genders,the social appearances of different eras,and the living conditions of different situations. Lu Xun analyzes ＂Nora＂after losing her favorite love from the view of torchbearer. However,Xiao restores the encounter of all sorts of survival difficult and mental wounds after Nora fleeing in her work. If the Zi Jun is the basic model of traditional ＂Nora＂in ＂Grieving for the past＂,Qiao Yin is the updated version of modern ＂Nora＂in ＂Market street＂. The former symbolizes the awareness of modern female consciousness in early enlightenment. The latter represents the establishment of mature independent psychology of female intellectuals. This paper will use the method of close reading to compare the similarities and differences among the images of＂Nora＂in this two works,and then analyze the conceptual differences between the two generations of writers on the social phenomenon of ＂Nara＂fleeing.