黑臭水体治理思路与技术措施

Treatment ideas and technical measures of black and stinky water bodies

我国城市水体黑臭现象普遍发生,目前各地正在开展黑臭水体的大规模治理。简要介绍了我国黑臭水体问题的严重性,阐述了当前国家对黑臭水体治理的政策和治理目标。对黑臭水体的概念进行了辨析,提出了我国黑臭水体的治理思路,明确了黑臭水体治理的技术路线,包括开展调查与问题诊断、核定污染物负荷并确定黑臭水体治理目标、提出适用技术与治理方案、预测治理效果。在此基础上提出了我国黑臭水体治理的主要技术措施,包括污染源治理、水力调控、生态修复,同时要加强综合管理。对国内外黑臭水体治理的进展与案例进行了综述,分析了其治理过程及存在的问题。最后从黑臭水体评价指标、技术体系、管理机制、宣传教育四方面提出黑臭水体治理的建议。

In China the blackening and stinking of urban waters is a common phenomenon. At present, large-scale governance of black and stinky（ BS） water bodies is underway. The seriousness of the problem of BS water bodies in China was briefly introduced, and the current national policy and governance objectives for the treatment of BS water bodies elaborated. The concept of BS water bodies was analyzed, and the idea for their treatment was put forward. The treatment technical route was clarified, including the investigation and diagnosis of problems, the verification of pollutant loads, and the determination of treatment targets of BS water bodies. Formulation of applicable technologies and governance programs, and forecasting of governance effects were also involved. On these bases, the main technical measures for the treatment of BS water bodies were proposed, including pollution source control, hydraulic regulation and ecological restoration, and meanwhile, it was noted that comprehensive management must be strengthened. The progress and of governance cases of BS water bodies at home and abroad were reviewed, and the governance process and existing problems were analyzed. Finally, the suggestions for the treatment of BS water bodies were proposed from four aspects, i. e. the evaluation indicators, the technical systems, the management mechanisms, and the publicity and education.