愉悦度在恶臭污染感官评价中的应用

The application of hedonic tone in odour pollution sensory evaluation

为完善我国恶臭污染感官评价指标,针对橡胶制品企业、面包房、垃圾填埋场3种典型气味源,采用9级愉悦度度量法测定不同气味源臭气浓度下的愉悦度,解析不同源臭气浓度、臭气指数和愉悦度间的关系,提出了臭气浓度和愉悦度综合评价理论模型,即气味源的干扰潜力=臭气指数×愉悦度。结果表明,橡胶制品企业和垃圾填埋场愉悦度为负值,面包房为正值。3种气味源臭气浓度与愉悦度的关系均符合二次多项式模型,相关系数均达到0.99以上。干扰潜力计算结果:橡胶制品企业为-200.91;垃圾填埋场为-144.80;面包房为79.66。通过对具有相似臭气浓度但来自不同气味源的样品进行干扰潜力的计算,能更直观地区分不同气味源的影响,从而准确识别重点排放源及关键排放单元。研究显示,愉悦度更能反映恶臭对人的心理影响及危害程度,将愉悦度应用到恶臭污染感官评价中十分必要。

In order to enrich the sensory evaluation indicators of odour pollution in China, a 9-point hedonic tone method was used to determine the hedonic tone of samples at different odour concentrations from three typical odour emission sources including rubber products, bakery and landfill. A comprehensive evaluation model of odour pollution and hedonic tone was put forward by analyzing the relationship between odour concentration（ odour index）and hedonic tone, that is, the annoyance potential of source = odour index × hedonic tone. The results showed that the hedonic tone of rubber products and landfill sites was negative value, while that of food processing was positive value. The relationships between the odour concentration and hedonic tone from the three kinds of emission sources are in line with the quadratic polynomial model. In addition, the correlation coefficients all reached above0. 99. The annoyance potential calculation results showed that the annoyance potential of rubber products and the landfill was-200. 91 and-144. 80 respectively, and that of food processing was 79. 66. Applying this method,the different odour sources could be distinguished more intuitively, especially for the sources that have similar odour concentrations and different odours. Then the key emission sources and key emission units could be accurately identified. The research indicated that hedonic tone reflects the psychological impact of odour on people and itsharmful degree more accurately, and it is necessary to apply hedonic tone to odour pollution sensory evaluation.