钾素对当归碳氮代谢产物及其相关酶活性的影响

Effects of Potassium on Products of Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Activates of Related Enzymes in Angelica sinensis

目的:研究不同钾素水平对当归碳氮代谢及相关酶的影响,揭示钾素影响当归品质形成的生理学本质,为当归生产合理施用钾肥提供理论依据。方法:通过大田栽培试验研究不同施肥方式下,施K2O量150 kg/hm^2、300 kg/hm^2和450 kg/hm^2等钾素水平对叶盛期当归叶片中SPS、PK、SS、MDH、FUM、AGP、GAPDH、GS、GOGAT、NR、尿囊素酶等碳氮代谢相关酶活性及葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、总氨基酸、总叶绿素等碳氮产物及生长指标的影响并进行相关分析。结果:在全部基施和50%基施+50%追施两种施肥方式下,施K2O量为300 kg/hm^2的处理为最佳施肥量,其对当归叶片中的SPS、PK、SS、MDH、FUM、AGP、GAPDH、GOGAT、尿囊素酶的活性及果糖、蔗糖、总氨基酸、总叶绿素的含量及生长指标具有显著地促进作用,而对GS、NR活性具有显著抑制作用。产量与代谢产物相关分析表明,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及总氨基酸含量均与根粗之间具有显著相关性(P<0.05),果糖、蔗糖及总氨基酸含量与地下干重之间具有显著相关性(P<0.05),说明可以通过根粗和地下干重预测当归产量。结论:适量施用钾肥能调节当归叶片碳氮代谢产物的合成与积累,提高当归产量,其生理基础是提高了相关代谢酶的活性及相关代谢产物的含量。

Objective ： To study the effects of different potassium levels on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and related enzymes of An- gelica sinensis, and to reveal the physiological basis of potassium on the quality of Angelica sinensis, in order to provide theoretical sup- port for the rational application of potassium fertilizer in cultivation practice of Angelica sinensis. Methods ： Different fertilization methods under field condition and different levels of K20 with 150 kg/hm^2 ,300 kg/hm^2 and 450 kg/hm^2 were applied for evaluating the activi- ties of related enzymes in carbon-nitrogen metabolism and related growth index, such as SPS, PK, SS, MDH, FUM, AGP, GAPDH, GS, GOGAT, NR and allantoin, as well as the metabolisms of glucose ,fructose, sucrose, total amino acids and total chlorophyll in the leaves of Angelica sinensis. Results：Under two fertilizing methods as all base application and 50% base application＋50% chasing,300 kg/hm^2 of potassium level was the optimum amount of fertilization, which significantly promoted the activities of SPS, PK, SS, MDH, FUM, AGP, GAPDH, GOGAT, allantion, and the content of fructose, sucrose, total amino adds, total chlorophyll, while had the significant inhibitory effect on activates of NR, GS in the leaves of Angelica sinensis. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of glucose, fructose, su- crose, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b ,total chlorophyll and total amino acids had close positive correlations with root roughness（ P〈0. 05 ） . There was a significant correlation between the contents of fructose, sucrose and total amino acids and underground dry weight （ P〈 0. 05）, which indicating that the yield of Angelica sinensis could be predicted by root roughness and underground dry weight. Conclusion ： Applying proper quantity of potassium fertilizer can regulate the synthesis and accumulation of carbon-nitrogen me- tabolites in the leaves of Angelica sinensis, and its physiological basis is to improve the metabolic enzyme activity related in carbon and nitrogen metabolites and the content of related metabolites.