长白山天麻变型比较研究

Comparative Study on Gastrodia elata Bl. Varieties in Changbai Mountain

本文对在长白山采集的野生乌天麻和绿天麻进行了大棚有性繁殖、林下无性栽培和有效成分含量比较试验,结果表明:有性繁殖绿天麻的平均产量为6.87 kg·m^(-2),乌天麻为3.62 kg·m^(-2),绿天麻产量是乌天麻的1.90倍;无性栽培绿天麻的平均产量为8.85 kg·m^(-2),乌天麻为4.89 kg·m^(-2),绿天麻产量是乌天麻的1.81倍。绿天麻较乌天麻种子萌发力强、发芽早、分生速度快、产量高、抗逆性强,商品麻外观性状优良。经检测绿天麻中天麻素总量为0.42%,乌天麻为0.38%,综合上述试验,绿天麻各项性状均优于乌天麻。

The sexual reproduction in the greenhouse,asexual cultivation under the forest and comparison of active ingredients were carried with wild Gastrodia elata f. glauca and Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. which were collected in Changbai Mountain. The result showed that the average yield of sexual reproduction Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. and Gastrodia elata f. glauca was 6. 87 kg·m-2 and 3. 62 kg·m-2. The yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. was 1. 90 times higher than the yield of Gastrodia elata f. glauca. The average yield of asexual cultivation Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. and Gastrodia elata f. glauca was 8. 85 kg· m-2 and 4. 89 kg·m-2. The yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. was 1. 81 times higher than the yield of Gastrodia elata f. glauca. Compared with Gastrodia elata f. glauca,Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. had stronger germination power,early germination,faster branching speed,higher yield,strong resistance and good appearance of commercial hemp. The total amount of gastrodin of Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. and Gastrodia elata f. glauca was 0. 42 % and 0. 38 %. In combination with the above experiment,the traits of Gastrodia elata Bl. var. pallens Kitagawa. were better than that of Gastrodia elata f. glauca.