略论诸葛亮内儒外法的治蜀思想及其当代价值

On Zhuge Liang's Thoughts of Governing the Shu Internally with Confucianism,Externally with Legalism and Its Contemporary Value

三国是中华文明史的一段插曲,是凭以建立法家寒族之政权取代儒家士族之政权的一股"逆"史潮流。魏、蜀、吴三家终归士家大族司马氏,历史再次回归正轨。诸葛亮作为这段插曲的杰出历史人物,其作为蜀相在长达14年的治蜀过程中包含着大量的内儒外法思想,即以正统儒家思想为核心、法家思想为手段的治蜀体系。这套思想体系在治蜀过程中发挥重要作用,尤其在安民、治军、理政等一系列治蜀举措中收到良好效果。文章先从诸葛亮所处时代形势、家族教育和个人历练出发论述其治蜀思想的形成渊源;其次着重阐明治蜀思想的主要内容,以"德""法"双治这两条主线展开;最后通过分析这种内儒外法的治蜀思想,进而给当今国家社会治理带来一些有益启示。

The Three Kingdoms is an episode in the history of Chinese civilization,it is an ＂inverse＂trend of history during which the legalist Han regime replaced the regime of Confucian. Wei,Shu,Wu of the Three Kingdoms eventually fell under the reign of Sima family and got the history back on track. Zhuge Liang,as the Prime Minster of Shu and an outstanding historical figure in this episode,demonstrates a lot of political thoughts in his 14 years of governing Shu,by taking the orthodox Confucianism as the core,the legalist thought as a means of governance. This ideological system played an important role in the process of Shu governance and achieved desirable results,especially in the military,governance and a series of measures in the governance of Shu. Firstly,this paper discusses the origin of Zhuge Liang＇ s thought of Shu in terms of historical situation,family education and personal experience; secondly,it mainly expounds the two mainstream thoughts of governing Shu： ＂rule by virtue＂and ＂rule by law＂; finally,it makes an attempt to offer some enlightenment to today＇ s national social governance on the basis of previous analysis.