“一带一路”战略下涉外民商事案件法律适用的审判实务研究——以“本地法化”现象为视角

Research on the Issue of Law Application in Hearing the Foreign-related Civil and Commercial Disputes under the“Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy——In Terms of the Phenomenon of“Localization”

分别对最高人民法院发布的两批涉"一带一路"建设典型案件以及100件现实案例进行统计分析,其中,涉外因素的判断,准据法的确定以及外国法查明与适用是涉外民商事案件法律适用方面的主要问题,针对实践中广泛存在的"本地法化"现象从微观层面和宏观层面进行分析。微观层面主要包括:涉外因素的判断应把握本质要素;准据法确定方面,须注意默示意思自治应限制适用,同时可借鉴《罗马条例I》的立法模式,采用最密切联系原则与特征性履行方法的结合方式;外国法查明与适用方面则强化法院对外国法查明的义务,丰富外国法查明途径。宏观层面则主要包括我国在立法层面,涉外法律研究层面以及涉外法律人才培养层面的制度建设。

The author makes a statistical analysis of two batches of typical cases concerning the construction of ＂The Belt and Road Initiative＂ issued by the Supreme Court and 100 actual cases.Among them, the judgment of foreign-related factors, the determination of applicable law and the identification and application of foreign law are the main problems in the application of law in foreign-related civil and commercial cases. The author analyzes the phenomenon of ＂localization legalization＂ widely existing in practice from two aspects： the micro level and the macro level. The micro level mainly includes： the essential elements should be grasped in the judgment of foreign factors; on the determination of the applicable law, it is necessary to pay attention to the limitation of the application of implied autonomy. At the same time, we can draw on the legislative model of the Rome Regulation I and adopt the combination of the most closely related principles and the characteristic methods of performance; on identification and application of foreign law we should strengthen the court＇ s obligation to identify foreign laws and enrich the way to identify foreign laws. At the macro level, it mainly includes the system construction of legislation, foreign-related legal research and foreign-related legal personnel training.