最高额抵押担保中“最高额”的司法认定——基于136份案例的实证分析

Judicial Views on the“Maximum Amount”of the Maximum Mortgage Guarantee——Empirical Analysis Based on 136 Cases

最高额抵押担保作为融资的一种高效担保方式,常见于金融商事交易中,但对于最高额的理解,司法实务中观点分为债权最高限额说和本金最高限额说。我国目前没有明确的法律规定最高额的范围,加之当事人签订的合同条款表述各异,导致了裁判不统一的现象发生。在统计了互联网公布的裁判文书中涉及最高额认定的判决书的数量及大致内容,根据检索的判决内容,梳理了不同裁判思路,并归纳了最高额理论观点,在理清思路的基础上选择适用性较强的理论作为支撑,借民法分则编纂的契机,提出立法建议,以期得到统一的普遍操作方法,指导审判实践。

The maximum mortgage guarantee, which is common in financial transactions, is an efficient guar- antee method for financing. However, in judicial practice, the opinions on how- to understand ＂maximum＂ are divided into two groups： the maximum credit limit and the principal ceiling. At present, there is no clear legal stipulation on the maximum range, and the different expressions of the contract clauses signed by the parties have led to the unified judgment.The authors have counted the number and general content of the judgment documents that have been published on the Internet that involve the maximum limit recognition.According to the judgment content of search, different judgment thoughts are sorted out, and the maximum limit theoretical views are summarized. On the basis of clarifying the idea, the theory with strong applicability is selected as the support. By taking the opportunity of compiling the principles of civil law-, legislative suggestions are put for- ward in order to get unified universal operation methods and guide the trial practice.