飞轮储能技术研究五十年评述

A review on flywheel energy storage technology in fifty years

本文回顾了飞轮储能技术研发50年的历程,分析了飞轮储能技术特点、应用领域以及关键技术问题。飞轮储能具有功率密度高、循环寿命长、响应迅速、能量可观性好以及环境友好的优点。当前,研制的飞轮储能系统单体能量为0.5~130 k W·h,功率为0.3~3000 k W。重点关注了飞轮用低成本高比强度新材料、高温超导磁悬浮技术。飞轮储能在电能质量调控、不间断过渡电源以及电网调频领域实现了商业化应用,在车辆混合动力领域的示范应用中实现节能20%~30%,处于产业应用的临界点。针对电网规模大功率、高能量储能需求,发展趋势是由数十千瓦时以下发展到百千瓦时,并通过阵列化组装成10~100 MW储能系统,放电时间可拓展到1 h。

The development of flywheel energy storage（FES） technology in the past fifty years was reviewed. The characters, key technology and application of FES were summarized. FES have many merits such as high power density, long cycling using life, fast response, observable energy stored and environmental friendly performance. A single flywheel stored energy of 0.5~130 k W·h in charging or discharging with power of 0.3~3000 k W. The frontier technologies include new materials of flywheel rotor, super-conducting magnetic bearing and high speed motor for FES. The commercial using of FES in power quality and uninterrupted power supply has a niche market share. The fuel saving in 20%~30% was realized in the hybrid power system using FES in vehicles. The FES technology is in a crisis of vehicles industrial application under the pressure from energy-saving and emission-reduction. For the grid application of renewable energy, the single FES stored energy of dozens of k Wh should be increased to hundreds of k W·h. The power of FES array should be 10~100 MW and release power long as one hour.