MHC Ⅱ类分子限制性新抗原与肿瘤免疫治疗

MHC class Ⅱ molecular restricted neoantigen in cancer immunotherapy

新抗原是一种由于肿瘤特异性突变所产生的个体化肿瘤抗原。越来越多的研究证据表明新抗原是在实体瘤的多种免疫治疗模式中介导肿瘤缓解的关键因素。随着基因组学和生物信息学的发展,个体化地分析每位肿瘤患者突变所产生的新抗原成为了可能。目前,新抗原的筛选大多集中于CD8^+T细胞识别的主要组织相容性复合体(majorhistocompatibility complex,MHC)Ⅰ类分子限制性抗原。随着对肿瘤免疫行为了解的深入,CD4^+T细胞及MHCⅡ类分子限制性抗原肽在肿瘤免疫中的作用也越来越受到重视。本文主要介绍MHCⅡ类分子限制性新抗原在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用机制、筛选方法、临床应用、前景及限制性。

Neoantigen is a patient-specific tumor antigen which arises as a consequence of tumor-specific mutations. Accumulating evidence suggests that neoantigen is a dominant factor that mediates clinical responses in patients with solid tumors receiving different types of immunotherapies. Recent genomic and bioinformatic technological advances have made it possible to dissect the immune response to personalized neoantigens encoded by tumor-specific mutations. Recently, the majority of researches on neoantigen is focus on major histocompatibility complex （MHC） class I molecular restricted antigens which recognized by CD8＋ T cell. With improved understanding of the underlying principles of tumor biology and immunology, more and more emphasis was put on CD4＋ T cell and MHC class Ⅱ molecular restricted antigens. This review introduced the immunologic mechanism, screening technique, clinical application, prospective and limitation of MHC class II molecular restricted neoantigen in cancer immunotherapy.