制造业服务化与出口技术复杂度:基于贸易增加值视角的研究

Servitization of manufacturing and export sophistication:from the perspective of trade added value

从增加值视角构建了制造业服务化指标以及基于产业部门前向联系与后向联系的两个测度制造业出口技术复杂度的新指标。利用上述指标,测算了1995—2009年40个国家(或地区)制造业整体以及按要素密集度分类的制造业服务化水平和出口技术复杂度指数,并研究了前者对后者的影响。实证结果表明:(1)制造业服务化有利于提高出口产品技术复杂度以及国内生产技术水平。(2)制造业服务化对劳动密集型、资本密集型、知识和技术密集型制造业出口产品的技术复杂度影响依次减弱,而对国内技术水平的提升作用依次加强。(3)生产性服务离岸外包能够提高发展中国家的出口技术复杂度,而对发达国家没有显著影响。

From the perspective of added value, this article constructs the servitization index of manufacturing and two new indexes based on forward-linkage and backward-linkage of industry to measure the technical complexity of manufacturing export. Using these indicators, we calculate the servitization degree and export technical sophistication index of manufacturing on the whole and classified by factor intensity in 40 countries （or regions） from 1995 to 2009, and examine the impact of servitization of manufacturing on export sophistication . The empirical results are as follows. First, servitization of manufacturing can improve the technical sophistication of export products and domestic production technology. Second, the impact of servitization on technical sophistication of exports for labor-intensive, capital-intensive, knowledge and technology-intensive manufacturing industries has weakened in turn, and impact of servitization on domestic technological advancement for these industries has intensified in turn. Third, offshore outsourcing of productive services can increase export technical sophistication of developing countries, but has no significant impact on that of developed countries