选择性产业政策、企业创新与创新生存时间——来自中国工业企业数据的经验证据

Selective industrial policy,corporate innovation and innovation survival time: empirical evidence from Chinese industrial enterprise

以国家"五年计划(规划)"为切入点,基于2001—2010年中国工业企业数据经验分析了中国选择性产业政策对企业创新的微观效应。研究发现,选择性产业政策可以显著地提高被扶持企业以新产品为表征的创新能力,该结论通过了工具变量法、双重差分法等多种稳健性测试。进一步地,中介效应检验表明,选择性产业政策对企业创新的促进作用可以通过财政补贴、税收优惠和市场准入机制实现。但与民营企业相比,国有企业只能通过税收优惠和市场准入机制提高创新能力,财政补贴这一直接干预机制对国有企业的创新能力甚至具有显著的负向效应。此外,还基于生存分析法研究了选择性产业政策对企业创新生存时间的影响,结果表明,选择性产业政策可以明显地延长企业的创新生存时间。上述结论不仅丰富了相关文献研究,而且给予了政府部门重要的政策启示,为后续产业政策的制定提供了理论支持。

The paper takes the ＂Five-Year Plan＂ of central government as the entry point and uses the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2010 to analyze the micro-effects of China＇s selective industrial policies on corporate innovation. The results show that selective industrial policies can significantly improve the innovative capability of supported enterprises represented by new products. This conclusion has passed various robustness tests such as instrumental variable method and difference in differences method. Further, the examination of the mediating effect shows that the selective industrial policy＇s role in promoting corporate innovation can be achieved through fiscal subsidies, tax incentives, and market access mechanisms. However, compared with private enterprises, state-owned enterprises can only improve their innovation ability through tax incentives and market access mechanisms. The direct intervention mechanism of fiscal subsidies even has a significant negative effect on the innovation ability of state-owned enterprises. This paper also studies the influence of selective industrial policies on the survival time of corporate innovation based on survival analysis method, and the results show that selective industrial policies can significantly prolong the survival time of corporate innovation. This conclusion not only enriches the relevant literature research, but also gives government important policy enlightenment, and provides theoretical support for the formulation of subsequent industrial policies.