马克思的《大纲》与当代资本主义--纪念马克思《1857-1858年经济学手稿》160周年

Marx's Grundrisse and Contemporary Capitalism:For the 160th Anniversary of Marx's 1857-58 Economic Manuscripts

在160年前写下的《1857-1858年经济学手稿》(简称《大纲》)中,马克思极为深刻地对资本主义机器化大生产中科学技术("一般智力")及其对象化的作用进行了讨论和思考。但随着资本主义的发展,科学技术在生产过程中的地位和剩余价值的来源问题都发生了重大变化。如何以马克思的方法为指导,认真研究和思考当代资本主义生产方式中的最新变化,如自动化生产、非物质劳动、一般智力和无产阶级等,是当代的马克思主义学者必须面对的重要问题。在2017年6月南京大学举办的《大纲》专题研讨会上,国外著名学者奈格里、哈维、普舒同、斯蒂格勒,中国学者张一兵、许煜等围绕《大纲》中的《机器论片断》与当代资本主义发展中出现的诸多新问题进行了深入的探讨。

In 1857-58 Economic Manuscripts( known as Grundrisse) written 160 years ago,Marx discusses,with profound reflections,science and technology in the capitalist machinery production with its action of objectification. With the development of Capitalism,there appears a dramatic change in such issues as the role of science and technology in production and the source of surplus value. How do we understand and conceptualize such new changes in contemporary capitalism as automated production,immaterial labor,general intellect and proletarian revolution,put in the perspective of Marxist methodology? This becomes a fundamental question that every Marxist scholar has to be confronted with. In the symposium on Grundrisse held in the Nanjing University in June,2017,Antonio Negri,David Harvey,Moishe Postone,Bernard Stiegler,Zhang Yibing and Yuk Hui had an insightful discussion of such issues as the"machine fragment"in Grundrisse and the problems emerging in the development of contemporary capitalism.