重理旧韵与抉发新题——雍乾年间的咏物词及其与顺康的传承和对话

Old Rhythms and New Lyrics:A Study of Ci on Objects in Yongzheng and Qianlong Periods as well as Their Interaction with Ci Composing in Shunzhi and Kangxi Periods

清代的雍正、乾隆年间,词的创作进一步向前发展,当时的词坛非常注意从顺康词坛获取资源,一方面努力学习,一方面试图超越。本文以《雪狮儿》咏猫和《天香》咏烟草这两次唱和活动为例,探讨雍乾之际的咏物词的发展态势,特别是其中对日常生活的琐细化描写和对新事物的关注。在此基础上,进一步探讨以厉鹗为领袖的词学群体在和顺康词坛对话时,所表现出的创新意识,并从一个特定角度,揭示清词发展的阶段性特色。雍乾词坛是顺康词坛的一个自然延续,顺康词坛的一些重要作家和作品的经典化都是在雍乾年间完成的,但雍乾词人同时又有着挑战经典的强烈意识,还有着创造新经典的追求。这些,也是这两次唱和所提供的重要启示。

Having gained further development in Yongzheng and Qianlong Periods of the Qing Dynasty,ci poetry benefited from the old resources of ci writings in Shunzhi and Kangxi Periods on the one hand,while trying to make breakthroughs on the other hand. With cases of two composing activities for cats and cigarettes chanting in the tune of "The Snow Lion"and"Heaven Scent"respectively,this study is to explore the development of yong wu ci( ci poetry in praise of things) in these periods,especially those with detailed descriptions of daily life and of great interest in what was new. The paper probes into the interaction between the ci composers under the leadership of Li E and ci writings in Shunzhi and Kangxi periods,finding their creative and distinctive features in a definite perspective. Ci creation in Yongzheng and Qianlong periods is continuation of that in Shunzhi and Kangxi periods,when ci writers and their poetry were canonized and challenged as well. Ci writers in Yongzheng and Qianlong periods tried to challenge their predecessors by creating new canons,as is obviously made clear in the two mentioned writing activities.