北疆暴雪发生条件的卫星遥感监测

Monitoring of Conditions for Heavy Snowstorm in Northern Xinjiang Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data

利用大气红外探测器(AIRS)大气温度和水汽两种遥感产品,结合拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(HYSPLIT)后向轨迹分析方法,对乌鲁木齐地区2015年12月10 12日和2016年3月2 3日两次暴雪天气冷、暖气团及水汽的来源地、输送路径进行监测分析,并对冬季和春季暴雪发生条件、降雪强度差异进行了对比研究。结果表明:(1)北疆地区暴雪天气是冷、暖气团与水汽条件配合的产物。(2)在这两次暴雪过程中,水汽主要来自西部黑海、里海、咸海、巴尔喀什湖,以及南部阿拉伯海等地;冷气团主要来自北欧、挪威海-巴伦支海、西西伯利亚以及伊朗高原等地;暖气团的来源和输送路径一般与水汽相同或紧密相关。(3)2015年12月10 12日降雪过程是北疆创纪录的一次超强暴雪,此次降雪天气中冷气团来自挪威海-巴伦支海、北欧和伊朗高原等地,暖气团和水汽来自黑海-里海一带。在降雪过程中,来自阿拉伯海的充沛水汽源源不断进入,是导致此次降雪天气强度空前的重要原因。(4)2016年3月2 3日是一次较弱的春季降雪过程,冷气团来自北欧-西西伯利亚地区,暖气团和水汽则分别来自北疆当地和巴尔喀什湖附近,降雪过程中由于缺乏后续水汽补充,导致降雪持续时间较短、强度较弱。(5)对比两次降雪过程可见,降雪过程中有无持续充足水汽补充,是决定降雪持续时间和降雪强度的主要因素。

Based on AIRS remote sensing datasets of air temperature and total column water vapor and the method of HYSPLIT backw ard trajectory analysis,the sources and transporting paths of various meteorological elements of two heavy snow processes in Urumqi during 10 12 December 2015 and 2 3 March 2016 were monitored and analyzed,which including cold air,warm air and water vapor,the differences betw een conditions and intensities of snow fall in winter and spring were also studied. The results show that：（1） Snow storm in northern Xinjiang is an outcome of interaction of cold air,warm air and water vapor.（2） During two snow storm processes,the transfer of water vapor has five sources of the Black Sea,the Caspian Sea,the Aral Sea,the Balkhash Lake and the Arabia Sea,the cold air mainly comes from the northern Europe,the Norw egian Sea,the Barents Sea and the Iranian Plateau,the sources and transporting paths of warm air and water vapor are generally same or closely related.（3） The snow storm during 10 12 December 2015 is a record strong snow storm process,the cold air of this process mainly comes from the northern Europe,the Norw egian Sea and the Iranian Plateau,the warm air and water vapor both come from the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The transportation of water vapor from the Arabia Sea is an important cause of torrential storm.（ 4） The snow fall during 2 3 March 2016 is a weak snow fall process in spring,the cold air of this process mainly comes from the regions of Nordic and West Siberia,the warm air mass and water vapor comes from the Northern Xinjiang and the Balkhash Lake respectively. Due to the lack of continuous water vapor supplement,the snow fall is short and weak.（5） By comparing the two different snow fall processes,the abundant and continuous water vapor is a main factor that determines the duration and intensity of snow fall.