眼动追踪在价值导向元记忆研究中的应用

The Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Value-Directed Metamemory

价值导向元记忆关注人们在面对不同重要性信息时,通过元记忆监测和调节,有选择地优先加工高价值信息,实现记忆效率最大化的目的。价值导向元记忆包括价值导向元记忆监测和控制,眼动追踪技术以其无干扰性、生态效度高等优势可以时时追踪这一监控过程。当前该领域研究中已采用的眼动指标集中在项目选择、学习时间分配、学习进程等方面。未来在项目选择、学习效率和策略比较等研究中可以探索眼动追踪技术的进一步应用。

When people encounter information with different values and different importance, the ability to selectively encode and retrieve more important information is essential for effective learning（Castel, Benjamin, Craik, Watkins, 2002）. The remembering process which people selectively encode and retrieve important information is Value-Directed Remembering. However, researchers proposed that the process of valuedirected remembering contained not only memory process, but also metacognitive process（Jiang, 2016; Yan Jiang, 2013）. Therefore, Jiang（2016） clarified the definition of value-directed metamemory, which included the monitoring and strategy control processes, occurred when people encountered a large amount of information and needed to allocate more attention resource to high value items selectively, as well as coordinated the memory process to give them higher priority, keep them in working memory, and later retrieve them successfully.Firstly, this paper summarized research questions in value-directed metamemory which researchers concerned. More specifically, the present summary focused on how value could have a profound effect on monitoring and controlling process. For example, during the learning process, how people selected items and allocated their study time to achieve their study goal. In addition, the age differences and individual differences of valuedirected metamemory also aroused widely concern.Secondly, we introduced the framework of value-directed metamemory and analyzed the relation between its monitoring part and controlling part. The monitoring part focused on how value, reward or importance had an effect on metacognitive predictions and their accuracy. However, the controlling part concerned how people selected high value items and allocated more attention resource to them.Thirdly, we analyzed the reason why researchers applied eye-tracking technique in value-directed metamemory. On the one hand, from the view of research field, it was essential to use a kind of tool to record the strategy controlling process directly. On the other hand, the eye-tracking technique had the advantages of（1） no interference,（2） high ecological validity, and（3） being suitable for young children subjects. So more and more researchers used eye-tracking technique to investigate the controlling process of value-directed metamemory. Fourthly, the eye tracking indexes which had been adopted in value-directed metamemory were outlined, such as item selection, study time allocation, and learning processing. For example, some studies used the first fixation count of each AOI and the proportion of fixation count as the index of item selection. Besides that, we also illustrated how they used these indexes for specific purposes in their research. Finally, we summarized other indexes which were used in some other related research areas and discussed how they could be used in valuedirected metamemory. These indexes can be further developed in the future, such as item selection, study time allocation, study efficiency and encoding pattern. For example, saccade latency is a sensitive indicator of item selection. Researchers have found that value or reward has a significant effect on it. So we can investigate item selection between different value conditions by comparing its index.In summary, a conceptual framework of value-directed metamemory and the application of eye tracking technology in it were outlined.