两种回鹘语《阿离念弥本生经》写本比较研究——兼论西州回鹘早期的译经活动

A Comparative Study on Two Manuscripts of Early Uighur Aranemi Jātaka:Discussion on the Sutra Translations During the Early West Uighur Kingdom

回鹘佛教最初深受吐火罗佛教的影响。回鹘语《阿离念弥本生经》敦煌本属于现存最早的一批回鹘佛教文献写本,应是译自一种吐火罗语版本。回鹘语吐鲁番本较敦煌本晚出,在细节上显示出一些不同之处。将敦煌本的内容与现存龟兹语本、焉耆语本的平行文本进行比较可知,回鹘语本很可能以龟兹语本为母本,参考焉耆语本译成。比较敦煌本与吐鲁番本的一些细节可知,后者在翻译上更加贴近原文。10世纪末至11世纪,佛教取代摩尼教成为西州回鹘的国教,回鹘佛教徒抄经、译经活动进入高潮,一些先前译成的佛教文献在这一时期出现了改良的译本;同时,汉文佛经逐渐取代吐火罗语佛经,成为回鹘佛教徒译经的主要来源。吐鲁番本很可能产生于这一时期,它既是回鹘佛教进入盛期的产物,也是吐火罗佛教在回鹘佛教中最后的遗存。

The early Uighur Buddhism was strongly influenced by the Tocharian Buddhism.The Dunhuang version of Uighur Ara爟emi Jtaka is one of the earliest extant Buddhist Uighur manuscripts and is believed to be accessed from a Tocharian sutra.The Turfan version of Uighur Ara爟emi Jtaka is,however,dated to a later period and show some differences from the Dunhuang version.Based on a comparative analysis between the content of Dunahuang version,and the parallel text of Tocharian B and Tocharian A versions,it could be concluded that the early Uighur version was based on the Tocharian B version,with a reference to the Tocharian A version.The detailed comparison between the Dunhuang and Turfan versions indicates that the latter is much closer to the original Tocharian text.From the end of the 10th century to the 11th century,Buddhism replaced Manichaeaism and became as the state religion of the West Uighur Kingdom,and the transcription and translation of sutras by Uighur Buddhists moved into high gear.Modified versions of some Buddhist literature translated earlier appeared during this period.Meanwhile,Buddhist scriptures in Han Chinese replaced the Tocharian Buddhist scriptures and became the main source of scripture translation of Uighur Buddhists.Therefore,the Turfan version is quite likely to be made during this period and can be viewed as one of the products associated with the flourishing of Uighur Buddhism as well as the last trace of Tocharian Buddhism in Uighur Buddhism.