基于任意设站小角度法的拖曳水池轨道直线度检测

Straightness Measurement for Towing Tank Track Based on Free Stations with small-Angles

水工模型试验或船模试验中常用的拖曳水池轨道直线度是决定其监测成果质量的关键。现有的诸多准直测量方法对小长轨道的直线度测量可以达到很高精度。但对于拖曳水池轨道这类特大长轨道而言,则会受到多种因素的影响而难以达到要求的精度。提出采用全站仪任意设站小角度法对长拖曳水池轨道进行直线度测量,界定了小角度的范围。通过试验验证了该方法对大长拖曳水池轨道进行直线度测量时,可以避免对中误差、缩短视线距离、克服通视干扰,能达到很高的测量精度。该方法具有操作灵活方便、价格低廉等特点,在现代水动力学试验领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Straightness measurement for towing tank track determines the quality of results in ship model tests. Straightness measurement by total stations with collimation line method is economical,flexible and simple to operate. It can achieve high-precision for short track.However,it is difficult to achieve the precision we expect due to the combined effect of various factors for long tracks,especially for towing tank tracks. In this paper,total station arbitrary station method is adopted to measure straightness of towing tank tracks. The modified method of small-angle measurement is proposed,and the range of small angle is defined. According to the test results,this method can avoid the error of centralization,shorten line-of-sight distance,overcome intervisibility,and improve measurement accuracy. This method is also easy to operate and low-cost. Therefore,it has a widespread application prospect in hydraulic model tests and ship model tests.