2012-2016年重庆市职业性噪声聋病例特征分析

Analysis of Occupational Noise-induced Deafness Cases in Chongqing From 2012 to 2016

目的分析重庆市职业性噪声聋病例特征,为重庆市职业性噪声聋防治政策的制定提供科学依据。方法以2012-2016年重庆市报告的新发职业性噪声聋病例作为研究对象,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计描述和分析。结果2012-2016年重庆市累计报告职业性噪声聋病例270例,病例数呈现整体上升趋势,曲线拟合(P=0.029);职业性噪声聋主要分布在制造业、采矿业,其中制造业又以汽车制造业为主;男性患者251例,女性19例,年龄40~55岁占总人数的71.85%,工龄中位数为10年。结论重庆市职业性噪声聋发病数总体呈上升趋势,行业分布明显,患者接害工龄偏低,应根据职业性噪声聋的流行特征,重点加强制造业、采矿业等行业噪声聋的防治工作。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational noise-induced deafness cases diagnosed in Chongqing from 2012 to 2016,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational noise-induced deafness in Chongqing. Methods The occupational noise-induced deafness cases reported in Chongqing from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed. SPSS 18. 0 software was adopted for statistical description and analysis. Results From 2012 to 2016,a total of 270 cases of occupational noise-induced deafness had been reported. The number of cases of occupational noise-induced deafness was increasing year by year,with a significant curve fitting（ P = 0. 029）. Most of the occupational noise-induced deafness cases were reported in manufacturing industry and mining industry,automobile manufacturing contributes the most cases among manufacturing industry. Of the 270 cases,251 cases were male and 19 cases were female. The diagnosis age of the cases was mainly 40 to 55 years old（ 71. 85%）. The median length of service at the onset of cases was 10 years. Conclusion The incidence of occupational noise-induced deafness in Chongqing was on the rise. The distribution of cases between various industries was obviously different. The exposure time of occupational noise-induced deafness was relatively short. Based on the epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise-induced deafness,the prevention and control of occupational noise-induced deafness should be enhanced in key industries such as manufacturing industry and mining industry.