藏药藏锦鸡儿的基原植物与代用品考证

Original and substituted plants for Tibetan medicine Lignum Caraganae

藏锦鸡儿作为藏药始见于公元8世纪的《四部医典》,后被《晶珠本草》和许多汉、藏医药著作收录。不同文献记载的藏锦鸡儿名称、基原等存在较大差异。通过考证相关的文献记载,对藏锦鸡儿的名称、基原植物及其代用品、药用部位等进行了整理和分析,对相关植物的形态、名称、资源分布及传统用药等进行了总结。现有文献分析表明,虽然在不同文献中藏锦鸡儿涉及10余种豆科植物,但产于青藏高原的鬼箭锦鸡儿与多数经典文献的描述一致,其红色木部心材作为藏锦鸡儿正品使用。昌都锦鸡儿和川青锦鸡儿在一定范围内可作为基原植物使用,而锦鸡儿属中的其他5种植物以及苏木等常用作藏锦鸡儿的代用品。

Lignum Caraganae is used as a Tibetan medicine originated in the record in Four Medical Tantras written in the 8 th century AD. Afterwards, Shel Gong Shel Phreng and many other Tibetan and Chinese medicine works kept recording of it. In pertinent literature, there are large differences in names and plant sources about Lignum Caraganae. In this paper, literature textual investigation on Lignum Caraganae about its names, original and substituted plants, medicinal parts was conducted. Besides, the plant morphology, name modification, distribution, and traditional application of relevant plants were summarized. The results showed that the original plant of Lignum Caraganae was Caragana jubata, which produced from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its red heart wood was used as crude medicine. C. changduensis, and C. tibetica were also used as original plants in a certain area. Five kinds of other plants in Caragana genus and Caesalpinia sappan were often used as a substitute for Lignum Caraganae.