机器的文明面及其悖论——以《共产党宣言》为中心的分析

The Civilization Side of the Machine and Its Paradox——An Analysis Focus On Manifesto of the Communist Party

《共产党宣言》把机器置于人的现实存在的历史境遇中,批判性地探讨了机器在资本主义社会存在的建构和人的存在方式的变革中的根本作用。从文明面看,机器推动了生产力的高度发展,推动了整个世界的资本主义化和现代城市的形成;从悖论面看,机器的推广和应用使人的存在进一步异化,人变成了机器的单纯的附属品,在机器所开创的历史性的生存境遇中,人的异化得到进一步凸显。作为一个行动纲领,《宣言》不可能就机器及其相关问题展开长篇大论,但《宣言》对机器的双重阐释的思路却极大地影响了《资本论》及其手稿中的机器理论。

Manifesto of the Communist Party put the machines in the historical context of human reality existence, and critically explored the fundamental role of machines in the construction of capitalist society and the transformation of human existence way. From the civilization side, the machines promoted the development of the productive forces, droved the capitalization of the whole world and the formation of modern cities. From the paradox side, the popularization and application of machines further alienated human existence, man became mere appendages of machines. The alienation of human beings is fully highlighted in the survival circumstances created by machines. As a program of action, Manifesto of the Communist Party can not carry out a long debate on machines and their related issues, but its dual interpretation of machines has greatly influenced the Das Kapital manuscripts and the theory of machine.