非酒精性脂肪肝与钙稳态关系的研究进展

Study progress in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and calcium homeostasis

钙离子(Ca^(2+))是细胞内重要的第二信使,其主要储存在内质网和线粒体中,参与调控细胞多种生理功能及维持内质网、线粒体功能。内质网和线粒体对钙离子的摄取与释放直接影响胞内钙离子水平的变化,继而影响细胞正常生理功能。病理条件下,细胞内钙离子稳态失衡,可引发细胞生理功能异常并进一步影响内质网、线粒体功能。非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)是临床常见病和多发病,其主要病理特征是:肝脏脂肪样变性、内质网应激、线粒体损伤和非特异性炎性反应等。其中持续的内质网应激及线粒体功能障碍是NAFLD发生发展的重要诱因。而细胞内钙稳态的变化可直接导致内质网及线粒体功能异常,继而影响NAFLD的发生发展。本文主要从钙稳态的主要影响因素以及钙稳态变化与NAFLD的关系两方面进行阐述,为寻求和研发防治NAFLD的药物提供新的方向。

Calcium ion（ Ca^2＋） is the second important messenger in cells. It is mainly stored in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The uptake and release of Ca^2＋ by endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria affect intracellular calcium levels,which is important for cells to maintain normal physiological functions. However,the imbalance of intracellular calcium homeostasis can lead to a series of abnormal changes under pathological conditions. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（ NAFLD） is a common and frequent disease.Its main pathological features are hepatic fatty degeneration,endoplasmic reticulum stress,mitochondrial damage and nonspecific inflammatory response. Persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The changes of intracellular calcium homeostasis can directly lead to the dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria,and then affect the occurrence and development of NAFLD. This article mainly illustrates the main influencing factors of calcium homeostasis and the relationship between calcium homeostasis and NAFLD,which can provide a new direction for the research and development of drugs used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.