唐代吐蕃用兵西域之相关问题研究

On Military Geography of Tibet in the Western Regions in the first Half of Tang Dynasty

唐代吐蕃较早开始进入西域,与大食、唐展开激烈的争夺与角逐。本文以汉、藏史料为依据,认为吐蕃军事力量从以游牧为主地区进入西域绿洲,而绿洲邦国散布且各邦国周边地理条件不易驻居的环境,使吐蕃军队的补养方式受到限制,也对其军事攻略产生影响。吐蕃进入西域,最初选择了自帕米尔高原的边缘向塔里木盆地渗透,并对唐安西四镇形成强大的压力,但由于内部原因未能对唐朝驻居西域的军事力量形成致命打击,从而促使其之后向碎叶一带的广袤地区扩散,形成与突厥联合,自西向东攻唐的态势;随着吐蕃与唐争夺西域进程的深入,特别是对塔里木盆地南缘的占据,其在西域控制的范围得到进一步拓展。

Tibet began to enter the Western Regions and competition with Tang and Tdjik fiercely in thefirst half of the Tang Dynasty. Based on the Chinese and Tibetan manuscripts, the Tibetan military forces enterthe oasis of the western region from the nomadic areas, the environment of oasis and the surrounding geographi-cal conditions influenced the way of Tibetan military rearing, and limited and impacted the Tibetan military raid-ers. As the process of fighting for the Western Regions progressed between Tibet and Tang, especially when Ti-bet occupied the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, the scope where Tibet controlled in the Western has been fur-ther expanded.