汉语作为目的语的语言学能构成及学能测试研究

A Study on Chinese Language Aptitude and Aptitude Tests in L2 Chinese Teaching

汉语作为目的语的教学实践的发展及汉语语言系统特殊性决定了研究设计专门的汉语语言学能测试的必要性。汉语语言学能应包括汉语语音编码能力、汉字感知识记能力、汉语语法辨识能力及汉语形音义对应记忆能力。近百人零起点学习者的测试和教学实验得出,学能测试成绩和汉语学业成绩呈现显著正相关,学能测试对汉语作为目的语的学习者的学习潜力有很好的预测作用。测试结果可为订单式人才培养和选拔、入门学习者分班测试和差异化教学等提供有效依据。

With the development of L2 Chinese teaching practice and the distinctiveness of the Chinese language system, it is necessary to study Chinese language aptitude and design Chinese aptitude tests. This article argues that Chinese language aptitude should include Chinese phonetic coding ability, Chinese character cognitive and recognition ability, Chinese grammatical sensitivity and memory ability of form-pronunciation-meaning matching. An experiment on nearly 100 beginning Chinese learners shows that there is a significant positive correlation between learners＇ performances in Chinese aptitude tests and Chinese academic achievements, which means Chinese aptitude tests can well predict the potential of L2 Chinese learners. The test results can provide effective reference for talent selection, placement tests and differentiated instruction.